Oxygen refining of molten high-carbon ferromanganese

You, Byung Don; Park, Kab-Yong; Pak, Jong‐Jin; Han, Jeong-Whan

doi:10.1007/bf03187764

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This is the basis of established practice, in AOD refining of ferromanganese and ferrochromium alloys, of combining top and bottom blowing of Ar–O 2 , to avoid excessive loss of Mn and Cr. [ 40 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreasing the O 2 /Ar ratio not only promotes the rate of decarburization in both Cr [ 23–25 ] and Mn alloys, [ 19,40 ] it is beneficial for Cr and Mn retention in the bath, as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the basis of established practice, in AOD refining of ferromanganese and ferrochromium alloys, of combining top and bottom blowing of Ar-O 2 , to avoid excessive loss of Mn and Cr. [40] Decreasing the O 2 /Ar ratio not only promotes the rate of decarburization in both Cr [23][24][25] and Mn alloys, [19,40] it is beneficial for Cr and Mn retention in the bath, as well.…”

Section: Comparison Of Mn and Cr In Argon-oxygen Refining Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Argon–Oxygen Decarburization of High‐Manganese Steels: Effect of Alloy Composition

Rafiei

Irons

Coley

2020

steel research int.

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The kinetics of simultaneous decarburization and demanganization of Fe–Mn–C alloys with 5–25% Mn and 0.05–0.42%C are investigated by bubbling a mixture of Ar–O2 through the melt at 1823 K. There are three distinct stages during the process. In stage 1, the rate of decarburization is slow, it is faster in stage 2, and slows to an intermediate rate during stage 3. In stage 1, manganese concentration decreases at a constant rate. In stage 2, manganese concentration remains essentially constant or exhibits minor reversion in some cases. In stage 3, manganese concentration decreases again. The overall rate of manganese loss in stage 1 increases with decreasing initial carbon concentration of the alloy, whereas in stage 3, the rate of manganese loss is independent of carbon concentration. The rate of overall manganese loss is partly controlled by the transport of manganese in the liquid phase. Assuming the products of reaction are CO and MnO, the combination of loss as vapor and oxide is insufficient to justify the total Manganese loss. The mechanism for the extra manganese loss is proposed to be due to evaporation–condensation of manganese in the bubble, is supported both thermodynamically and kinetically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreasing the O 2 /Ar ratio not only promotes the rate of decarburization in both Cr [ 23–25 ] and Mn alloys, [ 19,40 ] it is beneficial for Cr and Mn retention in the bath, as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Mn and Cr In Argon-oxygen Refining Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Argon–Oxygen Decarburization of High‐Manganese Steels: Effect of Alloy Composition

Rafiei

Irons

Coley

2020

steel research int.

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“…The refining stage is a crucial step in the pyrometallurgical recycling process, aiming to purify and concentrate the recovered metals to ensure their quality and market value. During refining, impurities and contaminants are selectively removed, while valuable metals are recovered and refined to high purity levels [25]. The oxidative refining process follows the principles outlined in the Ellingham diagram, which illustrates the formation of metal oxides as a function of pO 2 and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precious Metal Recovery from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment through Oxidative Refining

Park,

Kim,

et al. 2023

Recycling

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This study delves into the application of oxidative refining for the recovery and concentration of precious metals, namely palladium (Pd) and gold (Au), from waste electrical and electronic equipment by WEEE recycling, leveraging pyrometallurgical techniques. The primary objective is to optimize refining parameters, encompassing variations in gas pressure, temperature, and gas composition, to maximize the extraction and purification of precious metals from recycled materials. Through an array of comprehensive characterization techniques, encompassing microstructural analysis, elemental composition assessment, and metal concentration measurement, this study scrutinizes the potential of oxidative refining. The conclusive findings underscore the remarkable potential of oxidative refining in augmenting the efficiency and effectiveness of metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs), with a pronounced emphasis on the concentration of Pd and Au. This research not only highlights the promise of oxidative refining but also concludes that optimizing process parameters, such as a N2/O2 mixed gas pressure of 4 L/min, a process time of 40 min, and a temperature of 1400 °C, is imperative for achieving the highest efficiency in metal recovery from electronic waste, especially precious metals like Pd and Au. It further contributes to the sustainable management of electronic waste and the strategic extraction of valuable precious metals.

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“…By refining with oxygen, the high carbon ferromanganese alloys can be turned into low carbon ferromanganese with carbon content of #1?5%. [1][2][3][4] MgO-C refractory is used in such a decarburisation process. MgO has high melting point and high refractoriness, and carbon has high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion and low wettability of slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbon content of ferromanganese alloy on corrosion behaviour of MgO–C refractory

Lee

Kim

et al. 2013

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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he corrosion of MgO-C refractories during decarburisation of iiquid ferrcmanganese alleys was investigated using the finger rotating test. An oxide layer containing MnO is formed on the surface of the MgO-C refractories in contact with molten low carbon ferromanganese alloys (Fe-75Mn-0-8C) but is not formed when the refractories are in contact with high carbon ferromanganese alloys (Fe-75Mn-7C). The thickness of the oxide layer decreases with increasing carbon content in the ferromanganese alloy and increases with immersion time. We conclude that the formation of the oxide layer strongly depends on the driving force, which is the difference in carbon content between MgO-C refractories and molten ferromanganese alloys.

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Oxygen refining of molten high-carbon ferromanganese

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Argon–Oxygen Decarburization of High‐Manganese Steels: Effect of Alloy Composition

Argon–Oxygen Decarburization of High‐Manganese Steels: Effect of Alloy Composition

Precious Metal Recovery from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment through Oxidative Refining

Effect of carbon content of ferromanganese alloy on corrosion behaviour of MgO–C refractory

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