Oxygen reduction kinetics at platinum electrodes covered with perfluorinated ionomer in the presence of impurity cations Fe3+, Ni2+ and Cu2+

Okada, Tatsuhiro; Ayato, Yuusuke; Dale, Jørgen; Yuasa, Makoto; Sekine, Isao; Asbjørnsen, O.A.

doi:10.1039/b002566f

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In fact, the aging process might increase the amount of Pt 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ and Ni 2+ significantly within the membrane (especially Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ). The role of these cations is twofold: first, they enormously suppress the charge transfer step in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs at the Pt-ionomer interface [37] which might increase the selectivity of H 2 O 2 formation. It is worthy to mention here that these cations do not affect the charge transfer step in the ORR at the normal Pt-electrolyte solution interface [38].…”

Section: Aging Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of load, temperature and humidity on the pH of the water drained out from H2/air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Abdullah

Mohammad

Okajima

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Aging Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of load, temperature and humidity on the pH of the water drained out from H2/air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Abdullah

Mohammad

Okajima

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous studies for contamination [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in PEMFCs have shown the sensitivity of performance to low levels of contamination. For example, cation leachates from gaskets or seals, from NH 3 in the fuel, or from catalyst metals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] are well known contaminants of the membrane through an ion-exchange mechanism. Catalyst contamination by CO through an adsorption mechanism from feed gas contaminants is so well-known that those studies are too numerous to list here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Isothermal Model for Predicting Performance Loss in PEMFCs from Balance of Plant Leachates

Cho

Zee

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A model is presented for the contamination of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), including adsorption onto the Pt catalyst, absorption into the membrane, and ion exchange with ionomeric components. Model predictions for three sources of voltage loss account for the two-dimensional, time-dependent contamination along the channel and into the membrane. The model is developed by considering the well-known concepts of Langmuir adsorption, partition coefficients, plug flow reactors (PFRs), and dimensionless analysis. The phenomena are shown to be controlled by three important dimensionless groups: a Damköhler number for the contamination reaction rate, a capacity ratio, and a coverage ratio for each contamination mechanism. These groups show how to scale ex situ equilibrium data for in situ predictions. The model predictions are shown to be reasonable when compared to in situ experiment data once ex situ data are used to provide reaction and equilibrium parameters. The predictions enable estimation of tolerance limits for leachates according to each mechanism. For typical parameters, the predicted voltage loss in the electrode ionomer by an ion-exchange mechanism shows slower reaction rates but greater performance losses than other mechanisms. Analysis of the potential for commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) shows that the cost of balance of plant (BOP) materials can be as much as 30% of the system cost.1 One opportunity to decrease these costs is to use off-the-shelf materials rather than custom-made materials, if leachates from less expensive materials would not affect performance and life-time.2 This loss in performance is related to the contamination of the membrane 3 as well as the electrodes. Many previous studies for contamination [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in PEMFCs have shown the sensitivity of performance to low levels of contamination. For example, cation leachates from gaskets or seals, from NH 3 in the fuel, or from catalyst metals 3-9 are well known contaminants of the membrane through an ion-exchange mechanism. Catalyst contamination by CO through an adsorption mechanism from feed gas contaminants is so well-known that those studies are too numerous to list here. Examples are also known for SO 2 , 10,11 for H 2 S, 12 and even for details of the reverse water-gas shift reaction of CO 2 . 13The fundamental mechanism of contamination from organic contaminants such as aniline, ε-caprolactam, and diaminotoluene (DAT), [14][15][16][17][18] which have been identified as possible system contaminants, have been studied only briefly and recently, and it has been shown that their impact on PEMFC performance depends on their functional groups. For example, the ion-exchange reaction of the amine group in aniline with the Nafion membrane/ionomer causes a decrease in the number of available proton sites, thereby hindering the transport of protons and increasing ohmic losses. Aniline is also adsorbed on the carbonsupported platinum catalyst through interactions betw...

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“…Hornung and Kappelt [26] , etc.) may either poison the membrane and lower its conductivity, or pollute the active catalyst layers [1,5,[27][28][29][30]. Both will result in the degradation of the membrane electrode assembly and eventually reduce the lifetime of the fuel cell stack.…”

Section: Metallic Bipolar Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing Metallic PEMFC Bipolar Plates

2010

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A bipolar plate is one of the most important components in a polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and has multiple functions. Metallic bipolar plate candidates have advantages over composite rivals in excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, high chemical stability, very wide alloy choices, low cost and, most importantly, existing pathways for high‐volume, high‐speed mass production. The challenges with metallic bipolar plates are the higher contact resistance and possible corrosion products, which may contaminate the membrane electrode assembly. This review evaluates the candidate metallic and coating materials for bipolar plates and gives the perspective of the research trends.

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Oxygen reduction kinetics at platinum electrodes covered with perfluorinated ionomer in the presence of impurity cations Fe3+, Ni2+ and Cu2+

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of load, temperature and humidity on the pH of the water drained out from H2/air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Effect of load, temperature and humidity on the pH of the water drained out from H2/air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

An Isothermal Model for Predicting Performance Loss in PEMFCs from Balance of Plant Leachates

Reviewing Metallic PEMFC Bipolar Plates

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