Oxygen radical detoxification processes during aging:The functional importance of melatonin

Reíter, Russel J.

doi:10.1007/bf03324344

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Melatonin exerts potent hydroxyl and peroxyl radical scavenging activity. It strongly promotes the activity of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants (Reiter 1995). Chronic treatment of aged mice with a low dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight daily for 3 months) of melatonin reversed the age-related reduction in brain levels of GSH and GPx (Manda and Bhatia 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of chronic treatments with GH, melatonin, estrogens, and phytoestrogens on oxidative stress parameters in liver from aged female rats

et al. 2007

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The aging theory postulates that this process may be due to the accumulation of oxidative damage in cells and molecules. The present study has investigated the effect of castration in old female rats on various parameters related to the antioxidant properties of several cellular fractions obtained from the liver, and the influence of several chronic treatments on it, both in intact and castrated animals. Sixty-one 22-month-old Wistar female rats, were used. About 21 intact animals were divided into three groups and treated for 10 weeks with GH, melatonin or saline, and 40 ovariectomized (at 12 months of age) animals were divided into five groups and treated for the same time with GH, melatonin, estrogens (Eos), phytoestrogens (Phyt) or saline. All animals were sacrificed at 24 months of age by decapitation. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in cytosolic fraction, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in cytosol and microsomal fractions, and the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytochrome C in mitochondrial and cytosol fractions of liver were determined. A decrease in GST activity was detected in cytosol and in the microsomal fraction in ovariectomized animals as compared to intact rats. The activity of GPx was also decreased in ovariectomized as compared with the intact group. NO level was increased and cytochrome C decreased in the mitochondrial fraction of the liver in ovariectomized females as compared with the intact group, respectively. No significant changes after melatonin or GH treatments were found in GPx, GST activity and NO level in mitochondrial fraction in the intact group. Administration of GH, melatonin, Eos and Phyt in the ovariectomized groups significantly increased the GPx, and GST activity in the cytosol and microsomal fraction and decreased the level of NO in the mitochondrial fraction as compared with the untreated rats. A significant increase in the level of cytochrome C in the mitochondrial fraction and a decrease in the cytosol fraction were also found with all treatments. The administration of GH, melatonin, Eos and Phyt to castrated females seem to reduce oxidative changes in the liver from old ovariectomized rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of chronic treatments with GH, melatonin, estrogens, and phytoestrogens on oxidative stress parameters in liver from aged female rats

et al. 2007

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“…blood brain barrier and placenta (Wakatsuki et al, 1999). Reiter (1995) reported that melatonin seems to be more effective than other antioxidants (e.g. mannitol, glutathione and vitamin E) in protecting against oxidative damage.…”

Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Peroxidation End-Products as a Key of Oxidative Stress: Effect of Antioxidant on Their Production and Transfer of Free Radicals

El-Aal¹

2012

Lipid Peroxidation

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“…They did, however, as did Chart and Tang (55), find that melatonin does neutralize hypochlorous acid. On the basis of these studies, there is obviously disagreement as to how effective melatonin is under in vitro conditions in detoxifying the LOO~ The indole, however, has been shown to be very effective in reducing lipid peroxidation induced by a variety of toxicants (10,56,57) and whether this is due to the direct or indirect antioxidative actions of melatonin remains to be resolved. The protection melatonin affords because it functions as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant has been speculated to relate to processes and diseases of aging (9,36,58).…”

Section: O(7 Oonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). If the total quantity of melatonin produced, because of its antioxidant (56,57) and/or immune-stimulating (102) effects, is relevant in terms of the total antioxidant capacity of individuals, and if free radicals are indeed related to the aging process as suggested (1,2,5), then loss of the melatonin rhythm at an early age could impact the rate at which agerelated deterioration occurs.…”

Section: Age-related Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and oxygen toxicity: Relation to changes in melatonin

Reíter

1997

AGE

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a chemical mediator produced in the pineal gland and other sites in the body. The melatonin found in the blood is derived almost exclusively from the pineal gland. Since the pineal synthesizes melatonin primarily at night, blood levels of the indole are also higher at night (5-15 fold) than during the day. Some individuals on a nightly basis produce twice as much melatonin as others of the same age. Throughout life, the melatonin rhythm gradually wanes such that, in advanced age, melatonin production is usually at a minimum. Melatonin was recently found to be a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. It has been shown, in the experimental setting, to protect against both free radical induced DNA damage and oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation. Pharmacologically, melatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative damage caused by such toxins as the chemical carcinogen safrole, carbon tetrachloride, paraquat, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, kainic acid, 8-aminolevulinic and amyloid 13 peptide of AIzheimer's disease as well as a model of Parkinson's disease involving the drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Additionally, the oxidative damage caused by agents such as ionizing radiation and excessive exercise is reduced by melatonin. Since free radical-induced molecular injury may play a significant role in aging, melatonin's ability to protect against it suggests a potential function of melatonin in deferring aging and agerelated, free radical-based diseases. Besides its ability to abate oxidative damage, other beneficial features of melatonin may be important in combating the signs of aging; these include melatonin's immune-stimulating function, its sleep-promoting ability, its function as an anti-viral agent, and general protective actions at the cellular level. Definitive tests of the specific functions of physiological levels of melatonin in processes of aging are currently being conducted.

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Oxygen radical detoxification processes during aging:The functional importance of melatonin

Cited by 57 publications

References 70 publications

Effect of chronic treatments with GH, melatonin, estrogens, and phytoestrogens on oxidative stress parameters in liver from aged female rats

Effect of chronic treatments with GH, melatonin, estrogens, and phytoestrogens on oxidative stress parameters in liver from aged female rats

Lipid Peroxidation End-Products as a Key of Oxidative Stress: Effect of Antioxidant on Their Production and Transfer of Free Radicals

Aging and oxygen toxicity: Relation to changes in melatonin

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