Oxygen-plasma processed Spiro-OMeTAD toward high performance for perovskite solar cell

Kim, Dong In; Lee, Ji Won; Jeong, Rak Hyun; Nam, Sang-Hun; Hwang, Ki-Hwan; Boo, Jin‐Hyo

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.09.072

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…No noticeable oxidation and mobility enhancement were observed for the LiTFSI-doped spiro-OMeTAD HTL exposed to Ar plasma [20]. In addition, noticeable surface/structure modification, such as sputter etching was hardly observed under our low-energy plasma process within several seconds either (Figure 5), which was also demonstrated in another very recent work [29]. Atomic oxygen radicals diluted in inert Ar atmosphere facilitated a mild and uniform interaction with spiro-OMeTAD.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Plasma-Exposure-Induced Mobility Enhancement of LiTFSI-Doped Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Impact on Device Performance

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Materials

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2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) film currently prevails as hole transport layer (HTL) employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the standard preparation method for spin-coated, Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfony) imide (LiTFSI)-doped, spiro-OMeTAD HTL depends on a time-consuming and uncontrolled oxidation process to gain desirable electrical conductivity to favor device operation. Our previous work demonstrated that ~10 s oxygen or oxygen containing gas discharge plasma exposure can oxidize spiro-OMeTAD HTL effectively and make PSCs work well. In this communication, hole-only devices are fabricated and in-situ current density-voltage measurements are performed to investigate the change in hole mobility of LiTFSI-doped spiro-OMeTAD films under plasma exposure. The results reveal that hole mobility values can be increased averagely from ~5.0 × 10−5 cm2V−1s−1 to 7.89 × 10−4 cm2V−1s−1 with 7 s O2 plasma exposure, and 9.33 × 10−4 cm2V−1s−1 with 9 s O2/Ar plasma exposure. The effects on the photovoltaic performance of complete PSC devices are examined, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used for a diagnostic to explain the different exposure effects of O2 and O2/Ar plasma. High efficiency, fine controllability and good compatibility with current plasma surface cleaning techniques may make this method an important step towards the future commercialization of photovoltaic technologies employing spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Plasma-Exposure-Induced Mobility Enhancement of LiTFSI-Doped Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Impact on Device Performance

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…15 LPP also been used to treat spiro-OMeTAD to realize better band alignment with the perovskite layer in an n−i−p structure PSC. 33 The surface energy and work function of various conjugated polymers were ameliorated by oxygen LPP treatment, and the PCE was improved to a maximum of 19%. 34 Spiro-OMeTAD HTL was shown to be rapidly oxidized by Ar/O 2 LPP treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecofriendly mild oxygen plasma-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonate)) (PEDOT:PSS) has been used as an electrode for indium tin oxide-free PSCs with a PCE of 10.5% . LPP also been used to treat spiro-OMeTAD to realize better band alignment with the perovskite layer in an n–i–p structure PSC . The surface energy and work function of various conjugated polymers were ameliorated by oxygen LPP treatment, and the PCE was improved to a maximum of 19% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature (<40 °C) Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge-Jet Treatment on Nickel Oxide for p–i–n Structure Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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A scan-mode low-temperature (<40 °C) atmospheric-pressure helium (He) dielectric-barrier discharge jet (DBDjet) is applied to treat nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for p−i−n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Reactive plasma species help reduce the trap density, improve the transmittance and wettability, and deepen the valence band maximum (VBM) level. A NiO surface with the lower trap density surface of NiO allows better interfacial contact with the MAPbI 3 layer and increases the carrier extraction capability. MAPbI 3 can better crystallize on a more hydrophilic NiO surface, thereby suppressing charge recombination from the grain boundary and the interface. Further, the deeper VBM allows better band alignment and reduces the probability of nonradiative recombination. NiO treatment using He DBDjet with a scan rate of 0.3 cm/s can improve PSC efficiency from 13.63 to 14.88%.

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“…This type of perovskite cell offers advantages in terms of materials costs and processing [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. For instance, the carbon ink used to prepare the hole transport layer is more cost effective than spiro-MeOTAD, a semiconductor organic material frequently used in small quantities in research laboratories [ 8 , 9 ]. Despite this, there is no need to compromise significantly on efficiency, given that a recent record of 17% PCE has been reported by Liu et al [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Infiltration Features of Perovskite within Mesoporous Carbon Stack Solar Cells Using Broad Beam Ion Milling

et al. 2021

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Carbon perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are a popular photovoltaic technology currently undergoing extensive development on the global research scene. Whilst their record efficiency now rivals that of silicon PV in small-scale devices, C-PSCs still require considerable development to progress to a commercial-scale product. This study is the first of its kind to use broad beam ion milling for C-PSCs. It investigates how the carbon ink, usually optimised for maximum sheet conductivity, impacts the infiltration of the perovskite into the active layers, which in turn impacts the performance of the cells. Through the use of secondary electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infiltration defects were revealed relating to carbon flake orientation. The cross sections imaged showed between a 2% and 100% inactive area within the C-PSCs due to this carbon blocking effect. The impact of these defects on the performance of solar cells is considerable, and by better understanding these defects devices can be improved for mass manufacture.

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Oxygen-plasma processed Spiro-OMeTAD toward high performance for perovskite solar cell

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Plasma-Exposure-Induced Mobility Enhancement of LiTFSI-Doped Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Impact on Device Performance

Plasma-Exposure-Induced Mobility Enhancement of LiTFSI-Doped Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Impact on Device Performance

Low-Temperature (<40 °C) Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge-Jet Treatment on Nickel Oxide for p–i–n Structure Perovskite Solar Cells

Exploring the Infiltration Features of Perovskite within Mesoporous Carbon Stack Solar Cells Using Broad Beam Ion Milling

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