“…This signifies the presence of a percolating network of electronic conductor even with as low as 15 wt% (18.5 vol%) of nominative spinel content. GCFCO as an individual phase has high electrical conductivity and negligible ionic conductivity concluded from a permeation measurement of pure GCFCO bulk membrane resulting in zero permeation (not shown here) [14,20]. Thus, it is believed that GCFCO, along with the spinel establishes a percolative network potentially at the grain boundaries for electronic conduction in the composite, although the Rietveld analysis revealed a total of only 17 wt% of electronic conductive phases (spinel and perovskite) after sintering, Table 1.…”
Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Dual phase membranes on the other hand are composite materials expected to provide efficient oxygen permeation and high chemical stability under exhaust gas conditions [3,[7][8][9][10]. Research on stability of both MIEC perovskites and dual phase composites are mostly concerning the impact of CO 2 on OTMs [11][12][13][14], but very little on impact of SO 2 and H 2 O gases though these gases also constitute to re-circulated flue gas stream in power plants [15] . Hence stability testing of membranes in CO 2 and SO 2 containing gas mixture would be essential for their industrial applicability.…”
Ceramic oxide membranes are widely being researched for Carbon Capture and Storage/Utilization sector applications. Foreseen applications of these membranes are oxygen generation for oxyfuel combustion in e.g. power plants, glass-, cement-or steel production. Major drawback with Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting (MIEC) perovskite structure membranes is their limited long term stability at high temperatures in aggressive atmospheres. Dual phase composite membranes have been reported to excel overcoming this drawback. In addition to performance evaluation, Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 2-δ -FeCo 2 O 4 (CGO-FCO) membranes were subjected to stability test in flue gas conditions closely mimicking industrial flue gas atmosphere. The dual phase composites are investigated for their phase stability at the operating temperature of 850 °C in a gradient of oxygen chemical potential. The composites were also exposed to a series of gas mixtures over a period of time at their operating temperature to test for the chemical stability. CGO-FCO membranes are identified to possess chemical stability in gas mixtures of CO 2 , SO 2 along with oxygen over a period of 200 h at 850 °C under oxygen partial pressure gradient.
“…This signifies the presence of a percolating network of electronic conductor even with as low as 15 wt% (18.5 vol%) of nominative spinel content. GCFCO as an individual phase has high electrical conductivity and negligible ionic conductivity concluded from a permeation measurement of pure GCFCO bulk membrane resulting in zero permeation (not shown here) [14,20]. Thus, it is believed that GCFCO, along with the spinel establishes a percolative network potentially at the grain boundaries for electronic conduction in the composite, although the Rietveld analysis revealed a total of only 17 wt% of electronic conductive phases (spinel and perovskite) after sintering, Table 1.…”
Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Dual phase membranes on the other hand are composite materials expected to provide efficient oxygen permeation and high chemical stability under exhaust gas conditions [3,[7][8][9][10]. Research on stability of both MIEC perovskites and dual phase composites are mostly concerning the impact of CO 2 on OTMs [11][12][13][14], but very little on impact of SO 2 and H 2 O gases though these gases also constitute to re-circulated flue gas stream in power plants [15] . Hence stability testing of membranes in CO 2 and SO 2 containing gas mixture would be essential for their industrial applicability.…”
Ceramic oxide membranes are widely being researched for Carbon Capture and Storage/Utilization sector applications. Foreseen applications of these membranes are oxygen generation for oxyfuel combustion in e.g. power plants, glass-, cement-or steel production. Major drawback with Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting (MIEC) perovskite structure membranes is their limited long term stability at high temperatures in aggressive atmospheres. Dual phase composite membranes have been reported to excel overcoming this drawback. In addition to performance evaluation, Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 2-δ -FeCo 2 O 4 (CGO-FCO) membranes were subjected to stability test in flue gas conditions closely mimicking industrial flue gas atmosphere. The dual phase composites are investigated for their phase stability at the operating temperature of 850 °C in a gradient of oxygen chemical potential. The composites were also exposed to a series of gas mixtures over a period of time at their operating temperature to test for the chemical stability. CGO-FCO membranes are identified to possess chemical stability in gas mixtures of CO 2 , SO 2 along with oxygen over a period of 200 h at 850 °C under oxygen partial pressure gradient.
“…In our previous work, investigation of pure GdFeO 3 as indivivdual phase indicated negligable electrical conductivity. But this semi quantitative estimated perovksite phase with traces of Ce and Co in the structure are the possible promoters of the conducitivty which in turn impacts the flux as well 16,17 .…”
Section: Figure 3 Stem-haadf and Eds Element Mapping Of Gdc-fco 90:10mentioning
Mixed Ionic electronic conductors find various applications as SOFC cathodes and oxygen transport membranes. Dual phase composites are a promising class of thermochemical stable materials, in which two ceramic phases are coupled to provide a pure electronic and ionic conducting pathway, respectively. Composites of 20 mol% Gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) and FeCo 2 O 4 spinel (FCO) are investigated. GDC-FCO 60:40 wt-% ratio showed reasonable oxygen permeation with ionic conductivity as the limiting factor. Spinel content was reduced to as low as 10 wt-% in the composite and their corresponding electrical conductivity and oxygen permeation were measured from which ambipolar conductivity was calculated. GDC-FCO 85:15 wt-% ratio shows the highest ambipolar conductivity comparable to standard single phase La 0.58 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.8 Co 0.2 O 3-δ (LSCF) at 850 °C. The Microstructure analysis showed reversible and thus temporary spinel decomposition at sintering temperature as well as phase interaction forming a Gd-and Fe-rich orthorhombic perovskite with traces of Ce and Co. To further investigate the phase interaction and secondary phase formation, Pulsed Layer Deposition of FCO layer (~400 nm) on a polycrystalline GDC substrate and annealing at varying temperatures and times from 1000 to 1200 °C were carried out. These samples were analyzed by XRD, STEM, and SIMS to understand the interlayer interaction of the phases.
Mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes have gained growing interest recently for various promising environmental and energy applications, such as H 2 and O 2 production, CO 2 reduction, O 2 and H 2 separation, CO 2 separation, membrane reactors for production of chemicals, cathode development for solid oxide fuel cells, solar-driven evaporation and energy-saving regeneration as well as electrolyzer cells for powerto-X technologies. The purpose of this roadmap, written by international specialists in their fields, is to present a snapshot of the state-of-the-art, and provide opinions on the future challenges and opportunities in this complex multidisciplinary research field. As the fundamentals of using MIEC membranes for various applications become increasingly challenging tasks, particularly in view of the growing interdisciplinary nature of this field, a better understanding of the underlying physical and chemical processes is also crucial to enable the career advancement of the next generation of researchers. As an integrated and combined article, it is hoped that this roadmap, covering all these aspects, will be informative to support further progress in academics as well as in the industry-oriented research toward commercialization of MIEC membranes for different applications.
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