Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)

Elrick, Maya; Rieboldt, S.; Saltzman, Matthew R.; McKay, Robert

doi:10.1130/g32109.1

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…This aspect needs further investigation. Indirect indication for a eustatic sea-level fluctuation is given by Elrick et al (2011), who analysed δ 18 O phos of phosphatic brachiopods from central and western US. Decreasing δ 18 O phos values (from c .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S and biostratigraphic constraints

Wotte

Strauß

2015

Geol. Mag.

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Results from a high-resolution study of δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb, δ34SCAS, δ34SCRS and elemental concentrations (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Sr) in the Furongian Kyrshabakty section, southern Kazakhstan, are reported here. The investigated interval covers the Drumian to Jiangshanian stages of the Cambrian Period, respectively the regional Ptychagnostus atavus to Ivshinagnostus ivshini-Irvingella major trilobite zones. δ13Ccarb data include the Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) with a local peak value of +5‰. The onset of SPICE corresponds to the Kormagnostus simplex – Glyptagnostus stolidotus zones and pre-dates the base of the Paibian Stage/Furongian Series. δ34SCAS data already increase during the Lejopyge armata biozone culminating in three positive excursions prior and after the SPICE maximum. Differences in onset, peak values and shape of the δ13Ccarb and/or δ34SCAS excursions at Kyrshabakty, but also in almost all sections characterized by the SPICE, are pointing towards Furongian seawater that was low in sulphate concentration and heterogeneous in its carbonate carbon and sulphate sulphur isotopic composition. The occurrence of benthic faunal elements in almost all SPICE-related sections strongly supports oxygenated conditions at the seafloor, therefore excluding widespread anoxia or euxinia. Regional anoxic conditions are most probable. A positive δ18Ocarb excursion parallel to the SPICE could probably be explained by a decline in seawater pH associated with a sea-level rise. Again, no euxinic conditions would be mandatory for explaining the SPICE event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S and biostratigraphic constraints

Wotte

Strauß

2015

Geol. Mag.

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“…The growing body of knowledge about the SPICE necessitates hypotheses that link the observed correspondence between the initiation of the δ 13 C excursion, the synchronous excursions in δ 34 S, and the extinctions marking the Marjumaniid/Pterocephaliid biomere boundary (and coeval extinctions observed on other paleocontinents) causally (Gerhardt & Gill, ). Numerous potential environmental drivers have been explored including changes in temperature (Elrick, Rieboldt, Saltzman, & McKay, ; Palmer, ; Perfetta et al., ), sea level (Glumac & Walker, ; Saltzman et al., ), ocean circulation (Saltzman et al., ), nutrient availability (Saltzman et al., ), as well as expanded anoxia (Edwards et al., ; Saltzman et al., ) and euxinia (Dahl et al., ; Gill et al., ). It is important to note that none of these drivers are mutually exclusive and possible scenarios where a number of these factors worked in concert require continued consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America

LeRoy

Gill

2019

Geobiology

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The later Cambrian Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) event was an episode marked by pronounced changes to the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and significant extinctions on several paleocontinents including Laurentia (North America). While the exact cause(s) of these events remains debated, various lines of evidence suggest an increase in the areal extent of anoxia at the seafloor was a likely feature. Here, we explore whether changes in local oxygenation accompanied the onset of the SPICE in southern Laurentia using cores of the Nolichucky and Eau Claire Formations from Ohio and Kentucky, USA, that represent a transect into the Rome Trough/Conasauga intrashelf basin. At our study locations, the initial positive δ13C shift of the SPICE occurs in conjunction with increases in the abundance and δ34S of sedimentary pyrite. Further local redox conditions, tracked using iron speciation analysis, indicate anoxic conditions developed at the two proximal locations after the start of the paired isotopic excursions. However, the location near the basin center shows no indication for anoxia before or during the onset of the SPICE. While this signal may reflect the structure of local redox conditions within the basin, with the development of anoxia limited to the basin margins, we argue that authigenic iron enrichments were muted by sedimentary dilution and/or the enhanced authigenesis of iron‐bearing sheet silicates near the basin center, masking the signal for anoxia there. Regardless of the areal extent of anoxia within the basin, in either scenario the timing of the development of anoxic bottom waters was concurrent with local faunal turnover, features broadly consistent with a global expansion of anoxia playing a role in driving the isotopic trends and extinctions observed during the event.

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“…; Elrick et al . ) are much higher than expected. Similar recrystallization/authigenesis processes could also influence the paleothermometric usability of phosphate oxygen isotope composition of Cambrian ‐ Early Ordovician conodonts, typically enriched with organic material (Szaniawski & Bengtson ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Goldhammer et al (2011) shows that the enzymatic regeneration of P from organic matter produces distinct offsets from equilibrium with water, meaning that secondary apatite (Apatite 1) in baculate laminae is not suitable target for palaeoenvironmental information. Interference of a secondary, bacterially influenced, apatite would also explain why the estimated palaeotemperatures inferred from phosphate oxygen isotope analyses of lingulate brachiopods (L ecuyer et al 1998;Elrick et al 2011) are much higher than expected. Similar recrystallization/authigenesis processes could also influence the paleothermometric usability of phosphate oxygen isotope composition of Cambrian -Early Ordovician conodonts, typically enriched with organic material (Szaniawski & Bengtson 1993).…”

Section: Implications For Diagenetic Recrystallization and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diagenetic fate of bioapatite in linguliform brachiopods: multiple apatite phases in shells of Cambrian lingulate brachiopod Ungula ingrica (Eichwald)

Lang

Kirsimäe

Vahur

2016

LET

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Fossil skeletal apatites vary in their composition and can yield mixed biochemical, environmental and diagenetic information. Thus, it is important to evaluate the diagenesis spatially inside the skeleton. We study the cross sections of shells of the Furongian lingulate brachiopod Ungula ingrica from Estonia using the Attenuated Total Reflectance -Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) microspectroscopic and energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) mapping and show for the first time that different structural laminae of the shell have different chemical compositions. Compact laminae are rich in PO 4 3À , Na, Mg and poor in F and Ca. Porous (baculate) laminae are rich in carbonate anions, Ca and F, but contain less Na and Mg. The ATR-FTIR spectra show further differences in the m 2 carbonate region, where the IR band at 872 cm À1 in compact laminae is replaced by a strong band at 864 cm À1 in baculate laminae. The changes in shell apatite suggest different origins of the apatite phases. Compact laminae are likely chemically less altered and could potentially carry more reliable palaeoenvironmental or geochemical information than the apatite in baculate laminae, which is mostly authigenic in its origin. □ Apatite, attenuated total reflectance map-

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Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S and biostratigraphic constraints

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S and biostratigraphic constraints

Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America

Diagenetic fate of bioapatite in linguliform brachiopods: multiple apatite phases in shells of Cambrian lingulate brachiopod Ungula ingrica (Eichwald)

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Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ13C, δ18O, δ34S and biostratigraphic constraints

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ13C, δ18O, δ34S and biostratigraphic constraints

Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America

Diagenetic fate of bioapatite in linguliform brachiopods: multiple apatite phases in shells of Cambrian lingulate brachiopod Ungula ingrica (Eichwald)

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Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S and biostratigraphic constraints

Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S and biostratigraphic constraints