“…Under conditions of equilibrium the oxygen isotope composition of the calcite is determined by temperature and the water oxygen isotope composition (O'Neil et al, 1969). The main problem is that many equations have been proposed for the calcite-water oxygen isotope fractionation (O'Neil et al, 1969;Friedman and O'Neil, 1977;Kim and O'Neil, 1997;Chacko and Deines, 2008;Coplen, 2007;Horita and Clayton, 2007;Dietzel et al, 2009;Demény et al, 2010;Zheng, 2011;Day and Henderson, 2011;Tremaine et al, 2011;Gabitov et al, 2012); these, however, provided different fractionation values for the same temperature. Two equations were selected as the Devils Hole location fulfils most of the theoretical requirements of equilibrium calcite precipitation (slow precipitation rate, stable environment, Coplen, 2007), while the equation established by Tremaine et al (2011) is based on a collection of natural cave deposit data selected by avoiding kinetic fractionation bias.…”