Oxygen isotope fractionation in dissolved oxygen in the deep sea

Nitrogen cycling in the deep sedimentary biosphere: nitrate isotopes in porewaters underlying the oligotrophic North Atlantic

“…In this case, the δ 18 O NTR is primarily set by the δ 18 O of water (seawater δ 18 O ∼ 0 ‰) and dissolved O 2 (∼ +26.4 ‰ for the deep N. Atlantic; Kroopnick et al, 1972) and the three kinetic isotope effects during the sequential oxidation of NH + 4 to NO − 3 (Buchwald et al, 2012;Casciotti et al, 2010 (Buchwald et al, 2012). While the value of seawater δ 18 O can be considered to be relatively constant (∼ 0 ‰) in North Pond porewaters, the respiratory consumption of O 2 , as evident in the observed concentration profiles, imparts a relatively strong isotopic fractionation (Bender, 1990;Kroopnick and Craig, 1976;Lehmann et al, 2009) (Buchwald and Casciotti, 2013). In contrast, the low O 2 interval from site 4A does not exhibit elevated δ 18 O NTR values near the oxygen minimum, perhaps suggesting that the turnover of NO − 2 here is slower (allowing complete equilibration) or that equilibration is biologically catalyzed (e.g., enhanced by enzymatic activity; Buchwald et al, 2012).…”

Effects of temperature and carbon source on the isotopic fractionations associated with O2 respiration for 17O/16O and 18O/16O ratios in E. coli

“…These models vary in complexity from one-box representations of the deep oceans to three-dimensional global circulation models (Kroopnick and Craig, 1976;Bender, 1990;Maier-Reimer, 1993;Levine et al, 2009 Bender, 1990;Maier-Reimer, 1993;Quay et al, 1993;Levine et al, 2009 added filter-sterilized solutions of 0.5 ml/L 1% vitamin B1, 0.1 ml/L 1M CaCl 2 , and 0.2 ml of trace element solution (Hahnke et al, 2014). Filter-sterilized solutions (4.7 ml/L of a 10% solution) of glucose, acetate, or glycerol were added to the medium as carbon sources following autoclaving.…”

“…Measurements of the isotopic composition of O 2 dissolved in marine waters are generally considered in the context of respiration coupled with advective and diffusional processes that mix water masses along or across isopycnal surfaces (Kroopnick and Craig, 1976;Bender, 1990;Levine et al, 2009;Nicholson et al, 2014). A common conclusion of such studies (e.g., Kroopnick and Craig, 1976;Bender, 1990;Levine et al, 2009 …”

“…The isotopic composition and concentration of O 2 in the atmosphere and oceans are used in the Earth sciences to quantify net and gross photosynthesis at global and local scales in both the present and the past (e.g., Bender and Grande, 1987;Bender, 1990;Quay et al, 1993;Bender et al, 1994b;Luz et al, 1999;Barkan, 2000, 2011;Nicholson et al, 2014); as tracers of ocean circulation (e.g., Kroopnick and Craig, 1976;Bender, 1990;Maier-Reimer, 1993;Levine et al, 2009); for the construction of ice-core chronologies (e.g., Bender et al, 1994a;Petit et al, 1999); and to reconstruct historical changes in the hydrological cycle (Bender et al, 1994b;Severinghaus et al, 2009). Additionally, the isotopic composition of O 2 has been used to study the physiology of plants (e.g., Guy et al, 1987;Ribas-Carbo et al, 1995), microorganisms (Helman et al, 2005), and humans (Epstein and Zeiri, 1988;Zanconato et al, 1992) as well as in studies of enzyme-specific processes (e.g., Tian and Klinman, 1993;Cheah et al, 2014).…”

Preparation of Pure CO2Standard Gas from Calcium Carbonate for Stable Isotope Analysis

“…Key words: stable isotope analysis, calcium carbonate, CO 2 extraction, CO 2 standard gas 서 론 안정동위원소는 지구화학 분야에서 매우 다양하게 이용되고 있 다. Craig (1961)는 안정동위원소를 이용하여 탄소, 질소, 물의 생 지화학적 순환과정을 밝혔고, 심해 용존산소의 안정동위원소 분별 작용 (Kroopnick and Craig, 1976), 안정동위원소를 이용한 생명 현상 규명 (Koch, 2007)등 생지화학적으로 폭 넓은 분야에서 쓰이 고 있다. 또한 탄산염 퇴적층에서 안정동위원소를 이용한 고기후 추적 (Urey et al, 1951;Epstein et al, 1953), 온실기체들의 지화 학적 순환과정의 이해 (Keeling, 1958, Kim andCraig, 1993), 남 극 빙상 시추에서 얻은 고 대기의 성분 및 기후 추적 (Lorius et al, 1990)과 같이 지구환경과 관련된 과학적 방법을 제시하는 연구 등 에 크게 기여하고 있다고 알려져 있다 (Ferronsky and Tolyakov, 1982;Crowley, 1983;Rundel et al, 1988 (Kim, 1996).…”