“…The mechanisms for visible light inactivation is based on endogenous photosensitizers present in bacterial cells, which absorb photons of a certain wavelength converting the photosensitizers into an excited state. Those can interact with ambient oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Hamblin and Abrahamse, 2020 ), which cause damage to several intracellular targets ( Dai et al, 2013 ; Adair and Drum, 2016 ; Kim and Yuk, 2017 ; Djouiai et al, 2018 ; Chu et al, 2019 ; Hyun and Lee, 2020 ). The violet wavelength of 405 nm was proven to be especially effective ( Maclean et al, 2008 ; Endarko et al, 2012 ) tracing back to endogenous porphyrins, which are recognized as responsible photosensitizers ( Ashkenazi et al, 2003 ; Hamblin et al, 2005 ; Lipovsky et al, 2009 ).…”