Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance

Lopez‐Pascual, Amaya; Trayhurn, Paul; Martínéz, J. Alfredo; González‐Muniesa, Pedro

doi:10.1089/ars.2019.7901

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 441 publications

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“…Similarly, people with diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic conditions were more susceptible to develop a severe clinical case due to the infection [ 12 ]. On the other hand, there is evidence on the beneficial effect of altitude hypobaric hypoxia against these metabolic related pathologies [ 11 , 13 – 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: an ecological study

et al. 2023

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in multiple ways and has been a challenge for the health systems of each country. From the beginning, risk factors for the severity and mortality of the disease were considered, as the spread of the virus was related to the living conditions of each population. Methods In this ecological study we have evaluated the role of geography, precisely the altitude above sea level in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in Peru. Incidence and mortality data were taken from the open-access database of the government of Peru until March 2021. COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 mortality were treated as cases/density population and 1000 x cases/inhabitants while altitude was treated as continuous and as a categorical variable divided in 7 categories. The relationship between COVID-19 cases or deaths for COVID-19 and altitude as continuous variable was determined using Spearman correlation test. Meanwhile when altitude was considered as a categorical variable, Poisson regression or negative binomial analyses were applied. Results A significant inverse correlation was found between COVID-19 cases by population density and altitude (r=-0.37 p < 0.001). By altitude categories, the lowest risk for infection was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.08; 95% CI 0.05,0.12). Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between altitude and COVID-19 mortality (r=-0.39 p < 0.001). Also, the lowest risk for mortality was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.12; 95%CI 0.08; 0.18). Similar results were found when analyses were adjusted for inhabitants and stratified by sex. Conclusion This study reports an inverse relationship between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with respect to the altitude of residence, particularly, a u-shaped protection is shown, with a highest benefit between 3000 and 3500 m. The possibility of using hypoxia as an alternative treatment requires more complex studies that should allow knowing the physiological and environmental mechanisms of the protective role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: an ecological study

et al. 2023

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“…Similarly, people with diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic conditions were more susceptible to develop a severe clinical case due to the infection [10]. On the other hand, there is evidence on the bene cial effect of altitude hypobaric hypoxia against these metabolic related pathologies [9,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: An ecological study

Baquerizo-Sedano

Goñi

Sayón-Orea

et al. 2022

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in multiple ways and has been a challenge for the health systems of each country. From the beginning, risk factors for the severity and mortality of the disease were considered, as the spread of the virus was related to the living conditions of each population. Methods In this ecological study we have evaluated the role of geography, precisely the altitude above sea level in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in Peru. Incidence and mortality data were taken from the open-access database of the government of Peru until March 2021. COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 mortality were treated as cases/density population and 1000 x cases/inhabitants while altitude was treated as continuous and as a categorical variable divided in 7 categories. The relationship between COVID-19 cases or deaths for COVID-19 and altitude as continuous variable was determined using Spearman correlation test. Meanwhile when altitude was considered as a categorical variable, Poisson regression analyses were applied. Results A significant inverse correlation was found between COVID-19 cases by population density and altitude (r=-0.37 p < 0.001). By altitude categories, the lowest risk for infection was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 meters (IRR 0.079; 95% CI 0.076,0.083). Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between altitude and COVID-19 mortality (r=-0.36 p < 0.001). Also, the lowest risk for mortality was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 meters (IRR 0.13; 95%CI 0.10; 0.16). Similar results were found when analyses were adjusted by inhabitants and stratified by sex. Conclusion This study reports an inverse relationship between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with respect to the altitude of residence, particularly, a u-shaped protection is shown, with a highest benefit between 3000 and 3500 meters. The possibility of using hypoxia as an alternative treatment requires more complex studies that should allow knowing the physiological and environmental mechanisms of the protective role.

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Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance

Cited by 2 publications

References 441 publications

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: an ecological study

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: an ecological study

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: An ecological study

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