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In early innovation phases, the monetary evaluation of process innovations is a challenge for companies due to a lack of data. However, an innovation evaluation is essential in an early innovation phase to ensure that process innovations deliver economic value added (EVA) in early innovation phases and to channel technology transfer expenditures in a goal-oriented manner. This paper presents an approach for a semi-quantitative procedure for the monetary evaluation of process innovations in the early innovation phase focusing on manufacturing and material costs. Exemplarily, the approach is applied to process innovations of the Collaborative Research Center 1368 on oxygen-free production. In order to ensure the net present value orientation within the innovation evaluation, the procedure developed is based on a driver tree of the EVA. To link value drivers of the EVA and innovation-driven factors influencing EVA, the EVA driver tree is further systematized with a focus on manufacturing and material costs using a literature-based impact model. Based on the last level of the impact model, a guideline for a semi-structured expert interview is developed. Using this interview guideline, data is collected in the form of innovation-driven influencing factors, which represent the input for the final monetary innovation evaluation. An adapted weighted scoring model is used to draw a semi-quantitative conclusion regarding the EVA achieved by the process innovation. The practical application of the approach developed to process innovations in oxygen-free production has shown that, in the context of three process innovations under consideration, their implementation with the aim of achieving an EVA through reduced manufacturing and material costs at the current innovation status is not effective. However, based on the impact model developed, corresponding levers can be identified to positively influence the EVA and thus also the industrialization of the process innovation. Finally, further necessary steps are identified to evolve the presented approach into a complete method for monetary innovation evaluation in early innovation phases.
In early innovation phases, the monetary evaluation of process innovations is a challenge for companies due to a lack of data. However, an innovation evaluation is essential in an early innovation phase to ensure that process innovations deliver economic value added (EVA) in early innovation phases and to channel technology transfer expenditures in a goal-oriented manner. This paper presents an approach for a semi-quantitative procedure for the monetary evaluation of process innovations in the early innovation phase focusing on manufacturing and material costs. Exemplarily, the approach is applied to process innovations of the Collaborative Research Center 1368 on oxygen-free production. In order to ensure the net present value orientation within the innovation evaluation, the procedure developed is based on a driver tree of the EVA. To link value drivers of the EVA and innovation-driven factors influencing EVA, the EVA driver tree is further systematized with a focus on manufacturing and material costs using a literature-based impact model. Based on the last level of the impact model, a guideline for a semi-structured expert interview is developed. Using this interview guideline, data is collected in the form of innovation-driven influencing factors, which represent the input for the final monetary innovation evaluation. An adapted weighted scoring model is used to draw a semi-quantitative conclusion regarding the EVA achieved by the process innovation. The practical application of the approach developed to process innovations in oxygen-free production has shown that, in the context of three process innovations under consideration, their implementation with the aim of achieving an EVA through reduced manufacturing and material costs at the current innovation status is not effective. However, based on the impact model developed, corresponding levers can be identified to positively influence the EVA and thus also the industrialization of the process innovation. Finally, further necessary steps are identified to evolve the presented approach into a complete method for monetary innovation evaluation in early innovation phases.
Efficient roll bonding for the manufacturing of clad strips not only requires surface activation but also is improved by a surface patterning to reduce the initial contact area. This increases contact stresses and facilitates a joining without an increasing rolling force. Experiments to pattern surfaces with deformable inlays during cold rolling for a subsequent bonding in low-oxygen atmosphere were carried out using two types of rolling mills, two types of inlays and two types of assemblies. Digital twins of selected experiments were created by means of the FE simulation software QForm UK 10.2.4. The main set of rolling parameters, which play a significant role during formation of the pattern shape considering deformation of the patterning tool, were investigated. The pilot roll bonding of patterned components under vacuum conditions, provided using vacuum sealer bags, allowed for an experimental realization of this approach. The concept technological chain of roll bonding in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free environment comprises the following stages: roll patterning; surface activation and sealing of the strips in a vacuum bag; subsequent roll bonding of the prepared strips inside the protective bag. The difference between the shape of the pattern created and the initial shape of the mesh insert can be quantitatively described by the change of its angle. This difference reaches maximum values when smaller rolls are used with increased rolling reductions. This maximum value is limited by the springback of the deformed insert; the limit is reached more easily if the inlay is not positioned on the rolling plane.
The limited thermal conductivity of compacted graphite iron constrains its application in brake discs. The matrix plays a crucial role in balancing the thermal conductivity and mechanical performance of compacted graphite iron. Therefore, two kinds of compacted graphite brake discs with different ferrite proportions were utilized to investigate their thermal cracking and friction performance under intensive braking conditions based on inertia friction tests. The variations in peak temperature, pressure load and friction coefficient stability were also analyzed. The brake disc with a higher ferrite proportion exhibited a lower peak temperature, attributed to increased thermal conductivity. Moreover, the elevated content of soft ferrite resulted in a greater furrow height on the worn surface, contributing to an increase in friction force and stability. As a result, both the input pressure and mechanical stress decreased. It was observed that the compacted graphite iron brake disc with a higher ferrite proportion exhibited fewer thermal cracks without compromising wear resistance. Furthermore, the results suggest that lowering the disc temperature to 210 °C–250 °C can mitigate fatigue wear and matrix oxidation, hindering the propagation of thermal cracks.
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