Oxygen evolution on tantalum–polypyrrole–platinum anodes

Cooper, Gerald; Noufi, R.; Frank, Arthur J.; Nozik, Arthur J.

doi:10.1038/295578a0

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The low corrosion susceptibility of these materials is not unexpected, due to the virtual absence of classical grain boundaries and other crystalline defects, as well as the frequent presence of elements such as Cr, Ti, Nb, etc. (7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), which are known to promote the formation of protective oxide films in most environments. There have also been numerous reports concerning the electrocatalytic nature of particular amorphous alloys toward reactions such as hydrogen and oxygen evolution (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) and the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (28,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Characterization of Electronically Conductive Polypyrrole on Cyclic Voltammograms

Yeu

Yin

Carbajal

et al. 1991

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Experimental and theoretical cyclic voltammograms for electronically conducting polypyrrole film are obtained from the identical conditions and compared to each other to characterize electrochemical behavior of the polymer. A comparison of the simulated and experimental cyclic voltammograms shows quantitative agreement. The profiles of the dependent variables show that the switching process is governed by the availability of the counterion to the polypyrrole electrode and the amount of electroactive sites. Sensitivity analysis shows that the double layer effects have more influence in the cyclic voltammograms than the electrokinetic effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been accepted that the polypyrrole films have a number of potential technological applications in the areas of energy storage (1-5), solar energy conversion (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), and electrochromic display devices (12)(13)(14)(15). There is no doubt that polypyrrole is an interesting electrode material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Characterization of Electronically Conductive Polypyrrole on Cyclic Voltammograms

Yeu

Yin

Carbajal

et al. 1991

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…As mentioned earlier, upon photon absorption by the photocatalyst, an electron/hole pair is generated. Pt islands present on the TiO 2 surface have the ability to trap the photogenerated electrons, while the polypyrrole is assumed to collect and to channel the photogenerated holes to the polymer/solution interface [145,146]. Combining the properties of the Pt nanoparticles and of the polypyrrole, a synergistic effect between Pt nanoparticles and polypyrrole will promote the charge carrier separation more effectively than the modification of TiO 2 with Pt or polypyrrole alone.…”

Section: Enhancement Of the Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: Current Status and Future Challenges

Schneider

Kandiel

Bahnemann

2014

Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production

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Due to the increase of the worldwide demand for energy along with the global warming and the increasing level of atmospheric CO 2 , solar hydrogen has been proposed as an optimal fuel as it can be produced from water using solar energy which emerges as the most promising energy source in terms of abundance and sustainability. So far, the main commercial process for producing molecular hydrogen is steam reforming of hydrocarbons which is, however, connected with a CO 2 emission disadvantage. Carbon-free hydrogen production can be achieved by water splitting employing an electrolyzer powered by photovoltaics, but a potentially more cost-effective route is to perform direct photocatalytic water splitting using semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, the authors present the principles of this process, the maximum solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, the most active photocatalysts reported so far and the challenges for the development of the optimum photocatalyst for the efficient release of hydrogen from water. Since the efficiency of the overall photocatalytic water splitting is still very low and the photocatalytic reforming of biomass compounds can be considered as an intermediate step between the current fossil fuel consumption and the dream for an efficient direct photocatalytic water splitting utilizing solar energy, the photocatalytic hydrogen production employing different so-called sacrificial reagents, i.e., electron donors, is also presented and discussed herein. Commonly, the system employing TiO 2 as the photocatalyst and methanol as the sacrificial reagent is investigated, thus, details concerning the possibility of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of this system as well as the current knowledge of the underlying mechanism are presented at the end of this chapter.

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“…Such a combined electrode substantiallv^improves stability in aqueous electrolytes containing the p e 3+/ + couple. The οther o improvement is due to Cooper et al (44) who sputter deposited a 72A "film" of Pt on the surface of a poly pyrrole film covering a Ta substrate. (Ta is known to form sur face oxides like n-Si).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical Catalysis with Polymer Electrodes

Mettee

1983

ACS Symposium Series

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Polymer electrodes which absorb light and catalytic ally convert this energy into stored chemical poten tial, possibly with electrochemical assistance, using endoergic reactions such as water splitting, are of increasing interest as practical means of solar energy storage are sought. Developments in this field may be interpreted in terms of photocatalytic and electrochemical reactions catalysed by polymers. Emphasis is placed upon the roles of polymer films in protecting n-type semiconductors from anodic dissolution and in helping to under stand electron transfer mechanisms. Requirements of free-standing polymeric photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysts are outlined.In 1972 Fujishima and Honda (1) focussed attention on the possibility of using visible light to photolytically sensitize the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. This light driven, energy storing reaction has obvious attractions in that it produces a clean burning, re-cyclable fuel and it ultimately depends upon an infinite energy source. However, to couple ab sorbed solar energy to this thermodynamically uphill reaction requires photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysts which will simutaneously oxidize and reduce water. PEC + hv 1 • PEC* solar 2 H 2 0 y > • 0 2 + 4H + 4e PEC* _ 4 H 2 0 + 4e~ • • • 2H 2 + 4 OH These catalysts must not only cause the birth of reactive inter mediates, which in some cases have been identified as Η', e", and OH' etc., but also prevent their back reaction until the O2 and H2 have formed. Obviously they must maintain their own chemical 0097-6156/83/0220-0473$06.50/0

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Oxygen evolution on tantalum–polypyrrole–platinum anodes

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Electrochemical Characterization of Electronically Conductive Polypyrrole on Cyclic Voltammograms

Electrochemical Characterization of Electronically Conductive Polypyrrole on Cyclic Voltammograms

Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: Current Status and Future Challenges

Photoelectrochemical Catalysis with Polymer Electrodes

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