“…[5][6][7][8] Oxygen precipitation is known to act as intrinsic gettering sites for impurities and to affect mechanical strength of the wafer. 9,10 Oxygen can form a variety of inhomogeneous defects, such as thermal donors 11,12 due to the clusters of oxygen atoms 13,14 and some other donors due to the SiO 2 precipitates. 5,6 Except for those inhomogeneous defects, there is another kind of uniformly distributed defect: boron-oxygen complexes, which is responsible for an asymptotic, up to 10% degradation of solar cell performance by relative when the timescale of illumination is close to hours.…”