Oxygen devices and delivery systems

Hardavella, Georgia; Karampinis, Ioannis; Frille, Armin; Sreter, Katherina Bernadette; Roušalová, Ilona

doi:10.1183/20734735.0204-2019

Cited by 57 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…More and more research has been devoted to overcoming hypoxia problems, from using high-pressure oxygen tanks and blood substitutes that carried oxygen, to using intricate, accurate approaches that proportionated differences in partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2 ) between tumors and healthy tissue. 24 , 25 Hyperbaric oxygen is the most direct method to ameliorate hypoxia in tumor cells, while this method is inconvenient and may increase complications sometimes. 26 , 27 A new radiosensitizer, Kochi oxydol-radiation therapy for unresectable carcinomas (KORTUC), is being evaluated by a Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02757651) for the treatment of malignant tumors that contain numerous hypoxic cancer cells and/or large quantities of antioxidative enzymes.…”

Section: Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy

Gong¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

IJN

205

119

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Radiotherapy (RT) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Although great success has been achieved on radiotherapy, there is still an intractable challenge to enhance radiation damage to tumor tissue and reduce side effects to healthy tissue. Radiosensitizers are chemicals or pharmaceutical agents that can enhance the killing effect on tumor cells by accelerating DNA damage and producing free radicals indirectly. In most cases, radiosensitizers have less effect on normal tissues. In recent years, several strategies have been exploited to develop radiosensitizers that are highly effective and have low toxicity. In this review, we first summarized the applications of radiosensitizers including small molecules, macromolecules, and nanomaterials, especially those that have been used in clinical trials. Second, the development states of radiosensitizers and the possible mechanisms to improve radiosensitizers sensibility are reviewed. Third, the challenges and prospects for clinical translation of radiosensitizers in oncotherapy are presented.

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Section: Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy

Gong¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

IJN

205

119

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“…They semi-quantitatively classified the lung involvement's severity by visual assessing the total pulmonary consolidation/ground-glass opacities as mild (extension of the disease in less than 20% of the pulmonary parenchyma), moderate (20–50%), or severe (>50%). We calculated the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 )/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ratio, and the alveolar-arterial oxygen (A-a O 2 ) gradient (adjusted for barometric pressure and age) ( Pérez Padilla and Vázquez García, 2000 ; Petersson and Glenny, 2014 ), using the estimated FiO 2 provided by each oxygen delivery device (nasal cannula or simple face mask) according to the oxygen flow rate (L/min) when the first arterial blood samples for ABGs measurement were obtained ( Hardavella et al, 2019 ). We categorized the disease severity at admission according to the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) ( Royal College of Physicians, 2017 ), and the risk of progression with the comorbidities, age, lymphocyte count, and LDH (CALL) scoring model ( Ji et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and predictors for silent hypoxemia in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

García‐Grimshaw¹,

Flores-Silva²,

Chiquete³

et al. 2021

Autonomic Neuroscience

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Background An intriguing feature recently unveiled in some COVID-19 patients is the “silent hypoxemia” phenomenon, which refers to the discrepancy of subjective well-being sensation while suffering hypoxia, manifested as the absence of dyspnea. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and predictors of silent hypoxemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study including consecutive hospitalized adult (≥ 18 years) patients with confirmed COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department with oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 80% on room air from March 15 to June 30, 2020. We analyzed the characteristics, disease severity, and in-hospital outcomes of patients presenting with dyspnea and those without dyspnea (silent hypoxemia). Results We studied 470 cases (64.4% men; median age 55 years, interquartile range 46–64). There were 447 (95.1%) patients with dyspnea and 23 (4.9%) with silent hypoxemia. The demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging findings, disease severity, and outcomes were similar between groups. Higher breathing and heart rates correlated significantly with lower SpO 2 in patients with dyspnea but not in those with silent hypoxemia. Independent predictors of silent hypoxemia were the presence of new-onset headache (OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.101–7.742; P = 0.031) and presenting to the emergency department within the first eight days after symptoms onset (OR 3.183, 95% CI 1.024–9.89; P = 0.045). Conclusions Patients with silent hypoxemia sought medical attention earlier and had new-onset headache more often. They were also likely to display lower hemodynamic compensatory responses to hypoxemia, which may underestimate the disease severity.

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“…The machine supplies highly oxygen-enriched air (up to 99% O 2 ). By setting a flow rate of 5–6 L/min 73 , 35% oxygen is delivered to the lungs when nasal tubes are used (as in our study). Machines utilized in the control and intervention groups looked and sounded identical; it was not possible for field-researchers or participants to know which treatment each participant received.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normobaric oxygen treatment for mild-to-moderate depression: a randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept trial

Bloch

Belmaker

Shvartzman

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Oxygen enriched air may increase oxygen pressure in brain tissue and have biochemical effects even in subjects without lung disease. Consistently, several studies demonstrated that normobaric oxygen treatment has clinical benefits in some neurological conditions. This study examined the efficacy of normobaric oxygen treatment in subjects with depression. In a randomized, double-blind trial, 55 participants aged 18–65 years with mild to moderate depression (had a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD] score of ≥ 8) were recruited to the study from the Southern district in Israel. Participants underwent a psychiatric inclusion assessment at baseline and then were randomly assigned to either normobaric oxygen treatment of 35% fraction of inspired oxygen or 21% fraction of inspired oxygen (room air) through a nasal tube, for 4 weeks, during the night. Evaluations were performed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after commencement of study interventions, using the following tools: HRSD; Clinical Global Impression (CGI) questionnaire; World Health Organization-5 questionnaire for the estimation of Quality of Life (WHO-5-QOL); Sense of Coherence (SOC) 13-item questionnaire; and, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the mean ± standard deviation [SD] changes in the HRSD scores from baseline to week four were − 4.2 ± 0.3 points in the oxygen-treated group and − 0.7 ± 0.6 in the control group, for a between-group difference of 3.5 points (95% confidence interval [CI] − 5.95 to − 1.0; P = 0.007). Similarly, at week four there was a between-group difference of 0.71 points in the CGI score (95% CI − 1.00 to − 0.29; P = 0.001). On the other hand, the analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in WHO-5-QOL, SOC-13 or SDS scores between the groups. This study showed a significant beneficial effect of oxygen treatment on some symptoms of depression.Trial registration: NCT02149563 (29/05/2014).

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Oxygen devices and delivery systems

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

Application of Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy

Application of Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy

Characteristics and predictors for silent hypoxemia in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Normobaric oxygen treatment for mild-to-moderate depression: a randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept trial

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