Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress.

Halliwell, Barry; Cross, Carroll E.

doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s105

Cited by 489 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Both radicals show similar bi-phase kinetic reactions with many antioxidants. Hydrogen peroxide itself is not very reactive, but it would provide highly reactive species OH -through Fenton reaction (Halliwell and Cross 1994). Earlier reports suggested that H 2 O 2 could induce DNA breakage in the intact cell and purified DNA (Imlay and Linn 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antioxidants and ROS scavenging ability in ten Darjeeling tea clones may serve as markers for selection of potentially adapted clones against abiotic stress

Dasgupta

Biswas

Kumar

et al. 2013

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Ten Darjeeling tea clones (BT15/263, RR17/144, B777, T253, B157, Sundaram, HV39, AV2, K1/1 and TTV1) were collected from the experimental garden of Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Centre, Kurseong. Total phenol, flavonoids and two antioxidating enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were estimated. The total phenol ranged between 241 and 28 GAE mg g −1 of leaf dry weight. The highest amount obtained in four clones, B15/263 (241.47), RR17/144 (221.2), B777 (154.54) and B157 (140.23 mg g −1 ). Flavonoids were estimated as Catechin equivalent (CE) and ranged between 56.88 and 20.81 CE mg g −1 leaf dry weight. Higher amounts occurred in BT15/263 (56.88 mg g −1 ), B777 (56.69) and RR17/144 (48.63). Antioxidant activities were measured following DPPH and ABTS free radicle scavenging procedures and the results were well according to total polyphenol content among the clones (in total phenols, ranges of correlation in DPPH assay were r 2 =0.990-0.989, p≤0.05; in flavonoids r 2 =0.954, p≤0.01-0.987, p≤0.05). Similarly, ABTS percent scavenging results were quiet significant. The IC 50 values were determined for both DPPH and ABTS assay. PAGE expressions of isoforms in two antioxidative enzymes and quantification of them also varied much among the investigated clones. The incidence of total phenols, flavonoids, PRX and SOD and ROS scavenging assay in in-situ condition, might be used as biochemical markers towards the superior adaptability against abiotic stress. In the present work, four clones (B15/263, B777, RR17/144 and B157) would be designated as comparatively better suited to the predicted abiotic stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antioxidants and ROS scavenging ability in ten Darjeeling tea clones may serve as markers for selection of potentially adapted clones against abiotic stress

Dasgupta

Biswas

Kumar

et al. 2013

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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show abstract

“…The latter especially applies to the model of H # O # -mediated cell injury which has been studied extensively for several years [19][20][21] and in which protection by Bcl-2 has been described too, including inhibition of H # O # -induced rise in cytosolic Ca# + and of H # O # -induced depletion of the endoplasmic-reticulum Ca# + pool [22][23][24]. We therefore set out to test the hypothesis that in Bcl-2-transfected Rat-1 fibroblasts treated with H # O # the increase in cytosolic free Ca# + is secondary to the oxidation of cellular glutathione and that Bcl-2 influences intracellular Ca# + fluxes only indirectly by altering cellular glutathione metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in Rat-1 fibroblasts provided by the oncoprotein Bcl-2: maintenance of calcium homoeostasis is secondary to the effect of Bcl-2 on cellular glutathione

Rimpler

Rauen

Schmidt

et al. 1999

Biochemical Journal

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The oncoprotein Bcl-2 protects cells against apoptosis, but the exact molecular mechanism that underlies this function has not yet been identified. Studying H2O2-induced cell injury in Rat-1 fibroblast cells, we observed that Bcl-2 had a protective effect against the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in an alteration of cellular glutathione status: the total amount of cellular glutathione was increased by about 60% and the redox potential of the cellular glutathione pool was maintained in a more reduced state during H2O2 exposure compared with non-Bcl-2-expressing controls. In our cytotoxicity model, disruption of cellular glutathione homoeostasis closely correlated with the pathological elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration. Stabilization of the glutathione pool by Bcl-2, N-acetylcysteine or glucose delayed the cytosolic calcium increase and subsequent cell death, whereas depletion of glutathione by DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulphoximine, sensitized Bcl-2-transfected cells towards cytosolic calcium increase and cell death. We therefore suggest that the protection exerted by Bcl-2 against H2O2-induced cytosolic calcium elevation and subsequent cell death is secondary to its effect on the cellular glutathione metabolism.

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“…Indeed, LPOs have been correlated with a variety of pathologies and cellular dysfunction (Asano et al, 1989;Rao, 1990;Halliwell and Cross, 1994;Girotti, 1998;Spiteller, 2001). It should be noted that, whereas histological analysis only samples a very small portion of the total retina, the LPO assay provides a global measure of the entire retinal LPO content.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid hydroperoxide formation in the retina: correlation with retinal degeneration and light damage in a rat model of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome

Richards

Nagel

Fliesler

2006

Experimental Eye Research

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The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disease presenting with multiple congenital anomalies, caused by a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis that results in abnormally elevated levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). Progressive retinal degeneration has been demonstrated in a rat model of SLOS, which is markedly exacerbated by intense light, far more so than occurs in normal albino rats under the same conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that, by six postnatal weeks, retinas in the SLOS rat model contain levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LPOs) comparable to those found in light-damaged albino rats (twice the normal steady-state levels), and that intense light exposure results in a three-fold elevation of LPOs with concomitant severe retinal degeneration. These results suggest a correlation between retinal degeneration and LPO levels. We propose that the presence of 7DHC in the SLOS rat retina potentiates LPO formation, and promotes the observed hypersensitivity to light-induced retinal degeneration. KeywordsAY9944; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome; retina; degeneration; light damage; lipid hydroperoxide; rat Retinal degenerations resulting either from hereditary or exogenous causes are thought to entail molecular events that, in part, involve oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids, resulting in cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, cell death. Such events are known to be potentiated by exposure to intense light (Organisciak and Winkler, 1994;Boulton et al., 2001;Glickman, 2002;Wenzel et al., 2005). Certain metabolic conditions result in the formation of pro-oxidant molecules, the presence of which can promote cellular degeneration and death. The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) likely represents such a condition. SLOS, the first described 'multiple congenital anomalies syndrome ' (Smith et al., 1964; cf. Porter, 2000;Jira et al., 2003), is also the first member of a growing family of inborn errors of anabolic metabolism involving defective cholesterol biosynthesis (Kelley, 2000;Porter, 2003). SLOS specifically is due to a defect in 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ 7 -reductase (Waterham and Wanders, 2000;Correa-Cerro and Porter, 2005), resulting in abnormal and excessive accumulation of the cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) (Tint et al., 1994 cf. Fliesler, 2002).We have previously demonstrated a progressive retinal degeneration in a pharmacologically induced rat model of SLOS (Fliesler et al., 2004). More recently, we showed that intense light exposure markedly exacerbates that retinal degeneration, whereas treatment of rats with dimethylthiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger and anti-oxidant, prior to light exposure largely protects against the enhancement of degeneration (Vaughan et al., 2005), implicating a free radical mechanism in the degeneration. Herein, we provide evidence that correlates the severity of retinal degeneration in the SLOS rat model, relative to normal albino rats, with accumulated levels of lipid hydroxperoxides (LPOs) in the retina, particu...

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Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress.

Cited by 489 publications

References 81 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antioxidants and ROS scavenging ability in ten Darjeeling tea clones may serve as markers for selection of potentially adapted clones against abiotic stress

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antioxidants and ROS scavenging ability in ten Darjeeling tea clones may serve as markers for selection of potentially adapted clones against abiotic stress

Protection against hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in Rat-1 fibroblasts provided by the oncoprotein Bcl-2: maintenance of calcium homoeostasis is secondary to the effect of Bcl-2 on cellular glutathione

Lipid hydroperoxide formation in the retina: correlation with retinal degeneration and light damage in a rat model of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome

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