Oxygen Delivery and Muscle Deoxygenation during Continuous, Long- and Short-Interval Exercise

Zafeiridis, Andreas; Kounoupis, Anastasios; Δίπλα, Κωνσταντίνα; Kyparos, Antonios; Nikolaidis, Michalis G.; Smilios, Ilias; Vrabas, Ioannis S.

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1554634

Cited by 28 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Peak CO equal to 86 and 83% CO peak during HIIE and SIE was similar to values previously reported during arm ergometry [30,39] and FES cycling [40] in persons with SCI as well as in able-bodied men performing HIIE or SIE [20,21]. Within our sample, men with paraplegia and tetraplegia showed similar resting CO (5-6 L/min), although CO peak was twofold higher in paraplegics versus tetraplegics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to various arm cycling regimens in men with spinal cord injury

Astorino

2019

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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Study design Repeated measures within-subjects crossover study. Objectives High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) elicits higher oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and heart rate (HR) versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). No study has compared hemodynamic responses to HIIE versus MICE in SCI. In this study, we determined hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to different bouts of arm cycling in men with SCI. Setting Human Performance Laboratory, San Diego, CA. Methods Five men (age and injury duration = 42.6 ± 16.1 yr and 9.9 ± 7.6 yr) with SCI participated in the study. VO 2 peak and peak power output were initially assessed. Subsequent visits included MICE, HIIE, sprint interval exercise (SIE), and a no-exercise control (CON). Energy expenditure was matched across modes and equal to 100 ± 10 kcal. During the bouts, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), HR, and VO 2 were measured. Results Heart rate, SV, and CO increased in response to all exercise bouts and were higher during exercise versus CON. During HIIE and SIE, heart rate approached 90% of maximum, and stroke volume increased by 40% which was higher (p < 0.05) versus MICE and CON. In addition, exercise led to a two (MICE) to threefold increase in CO (HIIE and SIE) although it was not different from CON. VO 2 during SIE and HIIE was higher (p < 0.05) versus MICE. Conclusions Similar to results in non-disabled populations, HIIE and SIE elicit near-maximal values of SV and CO.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Whether these elevated responses are associated with a near-maximal CO during HIIE performed in this population is unknown. In able-bodied men, Zafeiridis et al [20]. compared hemodynamic responses to MICE (70% peak power output (PPO) and short and long interval exercise at 110 and 95% PPO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to various arm cycling regimens in men with spinal cord injury

Astorino

2019

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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“…The magnitude of hyperaemic response was calculated as the difference between peak TSI during reperfusion and baseline TSI (ΔTSI%). During exercise, TSI and HHb indices were used as indices of muscle oxygenation and microvascular O 2 extraction [27,28]. Handgrip and NIRS oxygenation measurements have been shown to be valid and highly reliable [16,18,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments in microvascular function and skeletal muscle oxygenation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: links to cardiovascular disease risk factors

et al. 2016

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Aims/hypothesis Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. However, in vivo microvascular endothelial function in GDM has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), whether: (1) there are differences in microvascular reactivity and skeletal muscle oxygen consumption (mVat rest and during exercise between GDM and uncomplicated pregnancies; and (2) ) and blunted hyperaemia (ΔTSI 6.8 ± 2.9 vs 9.5 ± 3.4) compared with controls (p < 0.01). Despite similar handgrip strength in the GDM and control groups (29.1 ± 8.1 vs 26.2 ± 10.4 kg, respectively), during repeated forearm contractions, women with GDM presented a blunted TSI response (6.5 ± 3.9 vs 19.2 ± 10.9; p < 0.01) and a reduced capacity to maintain the predetermined handgrip (23.4 ± 2.9 vs 27.4 ± 3.8%, p < 0.05). NIRS indices correlated with PWV, 24 h BP and blood glucose concentration earlier in pregnancy (r = 0.40-0.60; p < 0.05). Conclusions/interpretation Women with GDM exhibited a characteristic blunted TSI curve, showing alterations in muscle oxygenation and microvascular responsiveness compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancies. These alterations were manifested during exercise and possibly contribute to the reduced exercise tolerance in GDM. NIRS indices correlated with macrovascular indices (arterial stiffness) and 24 h BP.

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“…24,31 During exercise, peak and average TSI responses were used as indices of muscle oxygen extraction. 33 The BP response during the first minute of exercise (ΔBP=BP exercise −BP baseline ) was divided by the average TSI response during exercise and was used as an index of exercise BP rise per unit of muscle oxygenation (ie, ΔBP/ΔTSI). NIRS measurements have been shown to be valid and highly reproducible.…”

Section: Testing Procedures and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Muscle Oxygenation and Elevated Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients

et al. 2017

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E ssential hypertension is characterized by sustained elevations of blood pressure (BP) that can lead to target organ damage and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. 1Potential life-threatening outcomes of hypertension, such as stroke, renal insufficiency, and cardiac hypertrophy, had been initially perceived as a result of macrovascular alterations. These macrovascular events, however, do not occur independently of microvascular derangement. [2][3][4] Studies have shown that alterations in microvascular structure (rarefaction), vasomotor tonus (enhanced vasoconstriction or blunted vasodilation), and endothelial dysfunction are principal processes in the pathogenesis of hypertension and are evident in several organs/tissue types. [5][6][7][8] In the skeletal muscle, microvascularization is important for oxygen and nutrient supply and for effective metabolite clearance. Studies in hypertension have shown structural or functional impairments in the microvasculature within skeletal muscles, 8 implying a reduced capacity for oxygen delivery and exchange. Furthermore, animal studies using experimental models of hypertension suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction (ie, decreased expression of mitochondrial components and defects in respiratory complexes) and increased oxidative stress result in impaired oxidative capacity and reduced mitochondrial ATP production.9,10 Importantly, in these animals, the mitochondrial dysfunction and the reduced oxidative capacity were present before the development of hypertension, suggesting a possible role of these processes to the pathogenesis of hypertension.11 However, information on skeletal muscle microvascular alterations and oxidative Abstract-This study examined in vivo (1) skeletal muscle oxygenation and microvascular function, at rest and during handgrip exercise, and (2) their association with macrovascular function and exercise blood pressure (BP), in newly diagnosed, never-treated patients with hypertension and normotensive individuals. Ninety-one individuals (51 hypertensives and 40 normotensives) underwent office and 24-hour ambulatory BP, arterial stiffness, and central aortic BP assessment, followed by a 5-minute arterial occlusion and a 3-minute submaximal handgrip exercise. Changes in muscle oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation were continuously monitored by nearinfrared spectroscopy and beat-by-beat BP by Finapres. Hypertensives had higher (P<0.001) central aortic BP and pulse wave velocity versus normotensives and exhibited (1) a blunted tissue oxygen saturation response during occlusion, with slower (P=0.006) deoxygenation rate, suggesting reduced muscle oxidative capacity, and (2) a slower reoxygenation rate and blunted hyperemic response (P<0.05), showing reduced microvascular reactivity. Muscle oxygenation responses were correlated with aortic systolic and pulse pressure and augmentation index (P<0.05; age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted). When exercising at the same submaximal intensity, hypertensives required a sig...

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Oxygen Delivery and Muscle Deoxygenation during Continuous, Long- and Short-Interval Exercise

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to various arm cycling regimens in men with spinal cord injury

Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to various arm cycling regimens in men with spinal cord injury

Impairments in microvascular function and skeletal muscle oxygenation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: links to cardiovascular disease risk factors

Impaired Muscle Oxygenation and Elevated Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients

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