Oxygen-converter reduction of iron and manganese from their oxides by components dissolved in liquid iron

Shakirov, M. K.; Zhibinova, I. A.; Shakirov, K. M.; Протопопов, Е. В.

doi:10.3103/s0967091209060011

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…If the passage of process gases through the EsP ‐mix is obstructed, foaming will occur. In extreme cases, excessive foaming will force large volumes of foam to exit the vessel, a process event known as “slopping” …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Slag‐Metal Emulsion and Its Impact on Foaming Behavior and Slopping in the LD Process

Brämming

Engström

Samuelsson

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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In the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) process, a heterogeneous emulsion‐solid mix will form, consisting of an emulsion of liquid slag and metal droplets, in which 2nd phase particles of undissolved fluxes and solid in‐blow precipitates are suspended. When the carbon in the metal droplets reacts with iron oxide, small bubbles of CO gas are formed. If the upward movement of these bubbles is obstructed by the physical properties of the emulsion‐solid mix, foaming will occur. Certain process conditions may lead to an excessive foam growth, in the worst case forcing foam out of the vessel. This undesired process event is known as “slopping”. Extensive studies during recent decades have shown that emulsion characteristics strongly connected to foaming are: viscosity, surface tension, and density. The extent of foaming is also dependent on bubble size; foaming increasing with smaller bubble size. However, investigations into the influence of the mineralogy and morphology of the emulsion‐solid mix on foaming in basic oxygen steelmaking are scarce. In this work, samples from trials in a 6‐tonne pilot plant BOS vessel are examined by XRD and with SEM for the determination of emulsion‐solid mix mineralogy and morphology at different stages of the oxygen blow. The study confirms the importance of tight process control in order to minimize the emulsion‐solid mix apparent viscosity and, hence, the foam height, but this without over‐oxidizing the liquid slag phase, which would result in increased gas generation within the slag‐metal emulsion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Slag‐Metal Emulsion and Its Impact on Foaming Behavior and Slopping in the LD Process

Brämming

Engström

Samuelsson

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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“…When there is excessive foaming over the converter capacity, a phenomenon called slopping occurs. The various causes of slopping have been summarized by Shakirov et al Slopping causes some of the slag and iron to exit from the top of the converter, leading to yield losses, reduced equipment lifespans, increased production times, interruption in converter operations, as well as environmental issues. There are a number of techniques that are used today in order to detect when slopping is eminent, although the success rate seems to be varying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Slopping Prevention in the BOF Steelmaking Process

Haglund²,

Ersson³

2016

steel research int.

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A new method of preventing slopping is proposed in this paper, by simply blowing gas at the top of the foam surface. The physical experiment results show that the foam height can be effectively decreased by the top blowing air. The maximum decrease of the foam height can reach around 70 mm with an initial foam height of 145 mm in the current setup, around a 48% decrease. The first 40 mm of the foam height is easy to destroy with a low flow rate from the top. However, it is increasingly difficult for a further decrease in the foam height. Different types of nozzles show a large difference in the role of destroying the foam. The air flow velocity from the nozzle outlet is found to be the key factor for a decreased foam height. Overall, three foam destruction mechanisms are proposed. When the top air flow velocity is small, the drag and pressure destruction mechanisms are the main reasons for the decrease in foam height. However, when a large top air flow velocity is used, the coalescence and breakup mechanisms due to a high turbulence and the shear force on gas bubble shape deformation become important.

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Redox Properties of Gas Phases

Kuznetsov

Качурина

2018

Steel Transl.

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Oxygen-converter reduction of iron and manganese from their oxides by components dissolved in liquid iron

Cited by 3 publications

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Characterization of Slag‐Metal Emulsion and Its Impact on Foaming Behavior and Slopping in the LD Process

Characterization of Slag‐Metal Emulsion and Its Impact on Foaming Behavior and Slopping in the LD Process

Study on Slopping Prevention in the BOF Steelmaking Process

Redox Properties of Gas Phases

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