Oxygen content control in metal injection molding of 316L austenitic stainless steel using water atomized powder

Yu, Kaiping; Ye, Shulong; Mo, Wei; Lv, Yonghu; Jiang, Heng; Ma, Rui; Kwok, Chi Tat

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.12.038

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is noteworthy that the above two reactions are thermodynamically favorable above Boudouard equilibrium temperature (∼720–800 °C) as the reducing activity of undissolved carbon increases [ 35 ], but they become more active above 900 °C [ 36 , 37 ]. The above carbothermal reactions can be reflected by the higher mass loss rate of green part compared to the as-received powder (Region 3 in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supersolidus liquid phase sintering of water-atomized low-alloy steel in binder jetting additive manufacturing

Yang

Keshavarz

Vlasea

et al. 2023

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supersolidus liquid phase sintering of water-atomized low-alloy steel in binder jetting additive manufacturing

Yang

Keshavarz

Vlasea

et al. 2023

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This rise may be attributed to metal oxidation during the mixing and printing processes, as well as residual carbon generated after the debinding treatment. However, excessive carbon and oxygen contents will hinder the densification process during the powder metallurgy samples' sintering [45,46]. Figure 15b shows the carbon and oxygen contents at different locations when the sintering temperature was 1440 °C.…”

Section: Effect Of the Sintering Atmosphere On The Microstructure And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Attainment of High-Density 316L Stainless Steel with Selective Laser Sintering

Zhu,

He,

Guan

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the low density of the green part produced by selective laser sintering (SLS), previous reports mainly improve the sample’s density through the infiltration of low-melting metals or using isostatic pressing technology. In this study, the feasibility of preparing high-density 316L stainless steel using 316L and epoxy resin E-12 as raw materials for SLS combined with debinding and sintering was investigated. The results indicated that in an argon atmosphere, high carbon and oxygen contents, along with the uneven distribution of oxygen, led to the formation of impurity phases such as metal oxides, including Cr2O3 and FeO, preventing the effective densification of the sintered samples. Hydrogen-sintered samples can achieve a high relative density exceeding 98% without losing their original design shape. This can be attributed to hydrogen’s strong reducibility (effectively reducing the carbon and oxygen contents in the samples, improving their distribution uniformity, and eliminating impurity phases) and hydrogen’s higher thermal conductivity (about 10 times that of argon, reducing temperature gradients in the sintered samples and promoting better sintering). The microstructure of the hydrogen-sintered samples consisted of equiaxed austenite and ferrite phases. The samples exhibited the highest values of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at 1440 °C, reaching 513.5 MPa, 187.4 MPa, and 76.1%, respectively.

show abstract

“…Soft tooling is used for a low production runs as low molding pressure and temperature is generally required for injection molding process. Ceramics and metal alloy injection molding process combine several machined or cast components into one cost-effective product, which leads to the elimination of several manufacturing steps [19,20]. 316L powder is water-atomized before pouring the powder into the injection mold chamber, which in turn results to improved ductility and corrosion resistance components.…”

Section: Metal Injection Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels: A Review

Michla

Rajini

Krishnasamy

et al. 2021

Trans Indian Inst Met

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the last three decades, enormous manufacturing processes have been widely employed in the field of transportation (aviation, automobile and marine) as well as various industrial sectors. Among the invented techniques, conventional manufacturing plays a versatile and cost effective role, but additive manufacturing (AM) possesses a more significant advantage of handling complicated parts or complex geometrical structures. The conventional processes were used from ancient times until the development of other advanced techniques. In recent development of technology, AM technology has shown a tremendous change in the manufacturing field. The process of development in AM began with polymers, then to composites and advanced to nanocomposites, continuously. AM provides a waste-free production management system with enhanced processes. Therefore, this detailed and compendious review describes the different stainless steels fabricated through conventional and AM techniques. It is evident that AM proves better than other several conventional techniques, by three dimensional (3D) printing of quality and complex stainless steels components that are impossible to manufacture through other methods. Notwithstanding, there still need of much efforts to improve AM technique by reducing the manufacturing cost, supporting mass production and printing large stainless steel components.With an increase in invention of various efficient state-of-the-art engineering software, robots in manufacturing, artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing, the aforementioned drawbacks of AM technique/3D printing of various stainless steel structures will be soon eradicated.

show abstract

Oxygen content control in metal injection molding of 316L austenitic stainless steel using water atomized powder

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Supersolidus liquid phase sintering of water-atomized low-alloy steel in binder jetting additive manufacturing

Supersolidus liquid phase sintering of water-atomized low-alloy steel in binder jetting additive manufacturing

Investigation on the Attainment of High-Density 316L Stainless Steel with Selective Laser Sintering

Conventional and Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About