Oxygen consumption rates of grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) embryos exposed to the petroleum hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene

Combined Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation and Food Shortage on the Sensitivity of the Antarctic Amphipod Paramoera Walkeri to Copper

“…As an example, decapod crustaceans exposed to 2,4-D increased their oxygen consumption at a concentration of 5 g/L and decreased it at a concentration of 50 g/L [26]. Similar results were obtained from grunion eggs exposed to petroleum hydrocarbon [27]. The likely explanation for this is that at low concentrations energy use is increased to metabolize the toxicant but at higher concentrations the metabolic pathways are disrupted.…”

“…For example, pyrethroids were found to suppress feeding in Pieris brassicae larvae [24], and reduced food uptake was observed for Gammarus pulex exposed to sublethal concentrations of metals [25]. Similar results were obtained from grunion eggs exposed to petroleum hydrocarbon [27]. As an example, decapod crustaceans exposed to 2,4-D increased their oxygen consumption at a concentration of 5 g/L and decreased it at a concentration of 50 g/L [26].…”

Trophic contamination by pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons does not affect aerobic metabolic scope in zebrafish Danio rerio

“…The lack of effect in this study is for instance in accordance with Milinkovitch et al () who observed no modification of SMR, AMR and AS in golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Risso 1810) after exposure to crude oil and dispersants, nor did McKenzie et al () find that organic pollutants affected metabolic rates of chub Leuciscus cephalus (L. 1758). In contrast, other studies have demonstrated an increase (Hose & Puffer, ; Correa & Garcia, ; Davison et al , ) or a decrease (Sharp et al , ; Serigstad & Adoff, ; Prasad, ; Davoodi & Claireaux, ; Christiansen et al , ) of AS in fishes after petroleum exposure. Fish contamination in these studies, however, occurred by an aqueous pathway (involving the water soluble fraction of petroleum), which may count for the contrasting results with the present study.…”

“…It is defined as the difference between active metabolic rate (AMR), which is the highest metabolic rate the organism can sustain, usually during maximal activity, and the standard metabolic rate (SMR), the metabolic rate necessary to maintain vital functions and measured under resting conditions at a known ambient temperature (Fry, ; Brett, ; White et al , ). AS is known to be modulated by pollutants (Sharp et al , ; Hose & Puffer, ; Correa & Garcia, ; Davison et al , ; Nikinmaa, ; Wilson et al , ; Lannig et al , ; Davoodi & Claireaux, ; Christiansen et al , ; Johansen & Jones, ). Focussing on PAH, Davison et al () reported that the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki (Boulenger 1902) doubled its AS after exposure to an aqueous fraction of petroleum.…”

Combined effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation and food shortage on the sensitivity of the Antarctic amphipod Paramoera walkeri to copper

“…As an example, decapod crustaceans exposed to 2,4‐D increased their oxygen consumption at a concentration of 5 μg/L and decreased it at a concentration of 50 μg/L [26]. Similar results were obtained from grunion eggs exposed to petroleum hydrocarbon [27]. The likely explanation for this is that at low concentrations energy use is increased to metabolize the toxicant but at higher concentrations the metabolic pathways are disrupted.…”