Oxygen Consumption of Normal and Atherosclerotic Intima

Whereat, Arthur F.

doi:10.1161/01.res.9.3.571

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, there would be, with whole blood, loss of label (free cholesterol) to the red cells (14). We felt that serum in contact with air and moving at the flow rates we used would provide for the gas transport of the endothelium (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of ¹⁴ C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

Colin

Nerem

1973

Circulation Research

123

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The transport of certain materials between the blood and the wall in arteries appears to be dependent on wall shear rate with shear rate-enhancing flux; however, the mechanism is unclear. If the transport is diffusional, it must involve three steps: diffusion across a boundary layer, uptake at the blood-wall interface, and transport within the wall. If the first step is rate controlling, if wall shear rate is spatially uniform, and if a diffusion boundary layer commences upstream at the junction between the vessel and an impermeable tube, then flux will be proportional to the cube root of wall shear rate divided by distance and will depend on the species diffusion coefficient. A dog's common carotid artery was perfused with serum containing 14 C-4-cholesterol linked with lipoprotein; the fluid mechanics resembled those described above. In 20 experiments, there was no spatial dependence of uptake of the label, flux was lower by a factor of about a hundred than that predicted, and there was a suggestion (statistically nonsignificant) of shear dependence. The first two findings are inconsistent with transport controlled by the diffusion boundary layer. An uptake-controlled transport could be shear dependent.KEY WORDS boundary layer atheroma wall shear lipoprotein artery• Wall shear rate in arteries appears to vary spatially, and those regions which experience relatively high or relatively low wall shear can be identified. Moreover, the transport of certain materials between the intraluminal blood and the artery wall appears to be dependent on wall shear. The distribution of certain early atheromatous lesions in man, the accumulation pattern of lipid in arteries of animals on high-lipid diets, and the accumulation pattern of certain labeled materials in arteries correlate with wall shear ( 1 , 2). These observations relate to conditions in vivo where wall shear rate averaged over the cardiac cycle is essentially constant at any point, but the hypothesis of shear-dependent arterial transport gains support from evidence for enhanced flux of Evans blue dye to the wall following experimental elevation of wall shear in vivo ( 3 ) .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of ¹⁴ C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

Colin

Nerem

1973

Circulation Research

123

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“…Vaso vasorum originate from the adventitia, commonly from sites proximal to the atherosclerotic lesion, and in some instances from intramural branches or even from the lumen of the atherosclerotically affected vessel. Although some investigators have reported that oxygen consumption of atherosclerotic vessels exceeds that of their normal counterparts [36], it is unknown whether the oxygen demand could account for this marked increase in vaso vasorum. If vaso vasorum are required to sustain the viability of the plaque and the underlying media, the frequent occurrence of necrosis in advanced lesions may represent temporary ischemia, resulting from the inability of the plaque vaso vasorum to meet the metabolic requirements of the enlarging lesion.…”

Section: Vaso Vasorummentioning

confidence: 99%

The microcirculation in atherogenesis

Lehr¹,

Messmer²

1996

Cardiovascular Research

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“…The data suggest that component cells of the aortic intima-media may derive a major fraction of their energy requirements from respiration; they raise further questions concerning the significance of the high rate of aerobic glycolysis observed when aortic intima-media preparations are incubated in vitro, and they suggest that documentation of the EM appearance of the endothelium in such preparations is desirable. INTRODUCTION Preparations of aortic "intima-media" from rabbits, rats, and swine have been extensively employed for in vitro incubation and perfusion studies designed to provide information concerning the composite metabolism of the inner arterial wall (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) We previously made extensive use of a preparation of tubular segments of rabbit thoracic aorta free of adventitia and adipose tissue (preparation I) for in vitro studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Preparation I provides two pooled samples from the same rabbit which exhibit comparable metabolic activities; this permits the use of paired controls in studies of the effects of hormones and substrate concentrations on various aspects of aortic metabolism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and metabolism of an aortic intima-media preparation in which an intact endothelium is preserved.

Morrison¹,

Berwick²,

Orci³

et al. 1976

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T An in vitro preparation of rabbit aortic "intima-media" previously shown to exhibit stable rates of respiration and glucose metabolism and the high rate of aerobic glycolysis considered characteristic of the metabolism of this tissue was subjected to electron microscopic examination. In samples examined immediately after the aortae were dissected free of adipose tissue and adventitia, under conditions similar to those now in common use, marked and widespread alterations in endothelial cell structure were present, including loss of cell integrity. The vascular smooth muscle cells retained a normal electron microscopic (EM) appearance. During subsequent incubation with 5 mM glucose in KrebsRinger bicarbonate (KRB), pH 7.4, under the conditions usually employed in studies of this preparation, large zones of the luminal surface were rapidly denuded of endothelium, and the remaining endothelial cells exhibited a wide range of ultrastructural alterations. The smooth muscle cells, however, continued to maintain a normal EM appearance.A method was developed to prepare segments of rabbit aortic intima-media which retained an intact layer of endothelium resembling that observed in tissue fixed in situ. During a 1-h incubation with 5 mM glucose in KRB, pH 7.4, gas phase 5% C02/95% 02, containing 6% bovine serum albumin, the intact aortic intima-media preparation retains an essentially unmodified EM appearance and exhibits linear rates of respiration. Under these conditions the intact aortic intima-media preparation exhibits significantly higher rates of 02 uptake and glucose uptake than those observed in our previous prep- aration or in other reported aortic intima-media preparations. The intact aortic intima-media does not exhibit the high rate of aerobic glycolysis during in vitro incubation that has been considered characteristic of the metabolism of rabbit, rat, and swine aortic intima-media. In addition, the magnitude of the Pasteur effect was far greater than that observed in other aortic intima-media preparations. The data suggest that component cells of the aortic intima-media may derive a major fraction of their energy requirements from respiration; they raise further questions concerning the significance of the high rate of aerobic glycolysis observed when aortic intima-media preparations are incubated in vitro, and they suggest that documentation of the EM appearance of the endothelium in such preparations is desirable.

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Oxygen Consumption of Normal and Atherosclerotic Intima

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Transport of ¹⁴ C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

Transport of ¹⁴ C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

The microcirculation in atherogenesis

Morphology and metabolism of an aortic intima-media preparation in which an intact endothelium is preserved.

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Oxygen Consumption of Normal and Atherosclerotic Intima

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Transport of 14 C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

Transport of 14 C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

The microcirculation in atherogenesis

Morphology and metabolism of an aortic intima-media preparation in which an intact endothelium is preserved.

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Product

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Transport of ¹⁴ C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery

Transport of ¹⁴ C-4-Cholesterol between Serum and Wall in the Perfused Dog Common Carotid Artery