Oxygen consumption calorimetry, William Parker: 2016 DiNenno Prize

Beyler, Craig L.; Croce, Paul Jerome; Dubay, Chris; Johnson, Paula J.; McNamee, Margaret

doi:10.1186/s40038-016-0016-z

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These methods measure and rely on the consumption of oxygen or alternatively the generation of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The most widely used method is the species-based calorimetry or oxygen depletion as it is based on the oxygen mass balance and does not require knowledge of the material chemical composition or combustion chemistry [138]. Often alongside HRR, the TTI is also measured with a cone calorimeter.…”

Section: Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

2021

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used extensively worldwide in a varied range of applications. However, LIBs present a considerable fire risk due to their flammable and frequently unstable components. This paper reviews experimental and numerical studies to understand parametric factors that have the greatest influence on the fire risks associated with LIBs. The LIB chemistry and the state of charge (SOC) are shown to have the greatest influence on the likelihood of a LIB transitioning into thermal runaway (TR) and releasing heats which can be cascaded to cause TR in adjacent cells. The magnitude of the heat release rate (HRR) is quantified to be used as a numerical model input parameter (source term). LIB chemistry, the SOC, and incident heat flux are proven to influence the magnitude of the HRR in all studies reviewed. Therefore, it may be conjectured that the most critical variables in addressing the overall fire safety and mitigating the probability of TR of LIBs are the chemistry and the SOC. The review of numerical modeling shows that it is quite challenging to reproduce experimental results with numerical simulations. Appropriate boundary conditions and fire properties as input parameters are required to model the onset of TR and heat transfer from thereon.

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Section: Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

2021

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“…Oxygen consumption calorimetry was used to estimate the heat-release rate (HRR) for each condition in Table using a constant calorific value of 13.1 MJ/kg-of-O 2 . The assumption of complete combustion was made since CO 2 is the majority carbon-containing emission species (see next section).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Natural and Forced Entrainment on PM Emissions from Fire Whirls

Hariharan

Farahani

Rangwala

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The influence of different air entrainment conditions on the emissions of particulate matter from fire whirls was investigated by igniting a diesel fuel pool, 0.7 m in diameter, within a four-walled enclosure. Four different natural entrainment conditions resulted when gap sizes in the walls were varied between 0.35 and 0.65 m. In addition, three forced-entrainment conditions were created by holding the gap width constant and varying the air-entrainment velocity using fans positioned at each of the four gaps. The concentration of particulates was measured for these seven conditions, and one pool fire condition for comparison. For fire whirls under natural entrainment, the emission factor of total particulate matter, EFPM, was lower than that for pool fires, and decreased with increasing gap size. Fire whirls under mild levels of forced entrainment showed the lowest values of EFPM, but as the level of forced entrainment was increased, EFPM increased steadily to a value higher than that of pool fires. The reduction in EFPM is attributed to a combination of leaner stoichiometry and the interaction between the entrainment and the instantaneous burning rate. Thus, for a given pool diameter, an optimum value of entrainment velocity exists where the EFPM is lowest. Considerations for utilizing whirling flames to reduce airborne particulate emissions from in situ burning are discussed.

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“…Oxygen consumption calorimetry is a long-established method of determining the heat release rate (HRR) of a material. 15 The HRR is determined by the principle of oxygen calorimetry, conceptually recognized by Thorton 16 and empirically confirmed by Parker 17 and Huggett, 18 where organic liquids and gases were shown to consume approximately the same mass of oxygen per net amount of heat that is released (13.1(±5%) kJ per 1 g of O 2 ). The method is widely used and standardization 19 has allowed for the production of replicable data assuring its wide-ranging use within the research community.…”

Section: Theoretical Basis For the Use Of Oxygen Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 95%

Burning material behaviour in hypoxic environments: An experimental study examining a representative storage arrangement of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyethylene bubble wrap, and cardboard layers as a composite system

et al. 2021

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Cone calorimeter and controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter experiments were conducted on various samples. The intent of the tests was to examine the behavior of uniform and composite samples in a range of thicknesses, irradiances, and oxygen concentrations.Single, uniform layers of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were compared to a composite mix, comprising of ABS with a surface layer of cardboard and a secondary layer of polyethylene bubble wrap (intended to represent a potential storage arrangement). The horizontal samples have been tested at irradiances of 25 and 50 kW/m 2 and oxygen concentrations of 20.95%, 17%, and 15% to examine a range of significant variables. Results for the uniform arrangement indicated various correlations, previously observed in the works of others, such as the relationships typically described between applied heat flux, ignitability, heat release rate and the effect of the introduction of hypoxic conditions. However, results were shown to change significantly when samples were arranged to feature composite layers. A hypothesized cause of the behavioral change, namely the soot and char residual introduced from the incomplete combustion of the cardboard layer, highlights further important variables that require consideration in material testing under hypoxic conditions. Such variables, namely specific material behaviors and sample orientation, must be sufficiently captured in the design methodologies of systems reliant upon the introduction of hypoxic conditions. It is concluded that sufficiently capturing a wider range of variables in burning materials under hypoxic conditions will introduce further design resilience and help optimize fire protection/prevention methods.

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Oxygen consumption calorimetry, William Parker: 2016 DiNenno Prize

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Lithium Ion Battery Fires

Effects of Natural and Forced Entrainment on PM Emissions from Fire Whirls

Burning material behaviour in hypoxic environments: An experimental study examining a representative storage arrangement of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyethylene bubble wrap, and cardboard layers as a composite system

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