The dissociation behaviour of Helix pomatia j-hemocyanin as influenced by pH, calcium-ion concentration and ionic strength, and the oxygen binding properties were investigated. The dissociation behaviour of j-hemocyanin and a-hemocyanin differs distinctly in a number of properties : (a) they show a different response to high salt concentration, (b) the stabilizing influence of calcium ions on the whole molecules of P-hemocyanin is smaller than that on a-hemocyanin, (c) half molecules of P-hemocyanin are stabilized to a large extent in the presence of calcium ions and (d) at low ionic strength no peak separation between one-tenth and one-twentieth molecules of /I-hemocyanin is observed in the ultracentrifuge, which indicates an equilibrium between the species.The oxygen binding behaviour of P-hemocyanin shows the typical features of proteins with a large number of binding sites. The Hill plot is characterized by a high value of the Hill coefficient (maxm nH = 7), coupled to a low value for the interaction free energy per site. The oxygen binding behaviour can basically be described by a modified two-state allosteric model with the variation, imposed by the experimental data, that Kr is pH-dependent (negative Bohr efTect), while K R is pHindependent. Regulation of the cooperativity by the allosteric effector H + is mainly due to changes in the allosteric equilibrium constant.In order to describe the cooperativity as a function of pH, the minimum number of interacting binding sites has to be varied, indicating that the size of the 'functional constellations' is variable. This finding may have important implications on the relationship between the so-called 'structural' and 'functional constellations'.