Oxygen annealing effect on field-emission characteristics of hydrothermally synthesized Al-doped ZnO nanowires

The photoluminescence, field emission and femtosecond nonlinear absorption properties of Al-doped ZnO nanowires, nanobelts, and nanoplane-cone morphologies

“…Similar results are reported by other researchers. 21 The AZO nanobelts have a relative stronger UV emission and the AZO nanowires have a relative stronger visible emission (see Fig. 6(d)).…”

“…In addition, due to the doping of aluminum, the resistivity of the zinc oxide nanostructure, the high transmittance in the visible light region and the thermal stability are improved. To date, some researchers have studied a variety of Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanostructures, among which thin lms, [12][13][14] nano-bers, 15 micron rods, 16 nanowires, 17,18 nanorods 19 and nanoparticles 20,21 have been successfully prepared by various methods. For AZO thin lms, F. Khan et al 12 have reported inuence of excitation wavelength on PL spectra of AZO lms.…”

“…Compared with other dopants ZnO nanomaterials, AZO nanostructures have been presented for the high conductance duo to provided more electrons, which can be expected to have a green emission band, a low turn-on electric eld (EF) and a high emission current (EC). 20 J. L. Wang et al 21 have reported FE characteristics of AZO nanowires at different oxygen annealing temperature. AZO lm has been reported by many researchers.…”

Heating Changes Bio-Schwertmannite Microstructure and Arsenic(III) Removal Efficiency

“…Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is the main method for observing mineral morphology [30,47]. The SEM-determined morphology, specific surface area (SSA), and total pore volume of bio-schwertmannite before and after heating are shown in The results in Figure 3 show that the XRD patterns were similar for untreated bio-schwertmannite dried at 105 • C and for material heated at 250 • C. In other words, the mineral phase of bio-schwertmannite did not greatly change when the heating temperature increased to 250 • C. However, the intensity of the typical broad peaks at 2θ = 35.16 • in XRD patterns for bio-schwertmannite heated at 350-550 • C were relatively weak compared to those for untreated bio-schwertmannite and for the material when heated to 250 • C. Furthermore, a broad peak at 2θ ≈ 30 • -35 • appeared obviously in bio-schwertmannite heated at 350-550 • C but was not observed in untreated bio-schwertmannite or weakly presented in that heated to 250 • C. This additional peak indicated that some bio-schwertmannite underwent obvious phase transformation to an another amorphous or nanocrystalline phase at 350-550 • C even though schwertmannite remained in the main phase.…”

“…Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is the main method for observing mineral morphology [30,47]. The SEM-determined morphology, specific surface area (SSA), and total pore volume of bio-schwertmannite before and after heating are shown in Figure 4.…”