Oxygen: A Fundamental Property Regulating Pelagic Ecosystem Structure in the Coastal Southeastern Tropical Pacific

Bertrand, Arnaud; Chaigneau, Alexis; Peraltilla, Salvador; Ledesma, Jesús; Graco, Michelle; Monetti, Florian; Chávez, Francisco P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029558

Cited by 144 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…2 B and D). Although other mechanisms of anchovy-sardine dynamics have been proposed related to coastal vs. wind-stress curl upwelling (24) and oxygen content of waters (27), results here suggest that prey preferences and variation in the feedback loop between bottom-up and topdown forcing due to fronts lead to similar patterns. It is likely that a combination of these mechanisms works in concert to drive observed fluctuations between anchovies and sardines.…”

Section: Significancecontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…The change in zooplankton size spectra due to front dynamics offers an alternate mechanism for regime shifts from anchovy-to sardine-dominated systems beyond those related to physical, biochemical, and climate drivers (24)(25)(26)(27). Weak fronts lead to higher levels of smaller phytoplankton and zooplankton (e.g., dinoflagellates and microzooplankton, Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ocean fronts drive marine fishery production and biogeochemical cycling

Woodson

Litvin

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

128

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Long-term changes in nutrient supply and primary production reportedly foreshadow substantial declines in global marine fishery production. These declines combined with current overfishing, habitat degradation, and pollution paint a grim picture for the future of marine fisheries and ecosystems. However, current models forecasting such declines do not account for the effects of ocean fronts as biogeochemical hotspots. Here we apply a fundamental technique from fluid dynamics to an ecosystem model to show how fronts increase total ecosystem biomass, explain fishery production, cause regime shifts, and contribute significantly to global biogeochemical budgets by channeling nutrients through alternate trophic pathways. We then illustrate how ocean fronts affect fishery abundance and yield, using long-term records of anchovy-sardine regimes and salmon abundances in the California Current. These results elucidate the fundamental importance of biophysical coupling as a driver of bottom-up vs. top-down regulation and high productivity in marine ecosystems.fronts | aggregation | trophic interactions | Reynolds decomposition G lobally, marine primary production is considered to set the limits of fishery production (1), drive ecosystem functioning (2), and contribute substantially to biogeochemical cycles (3). Recent evidence of increased ocean temperatures (4, 5) and declines in global nutrient supply and primary production (6), combined with overfishing and other increasing human demands on the ocean (7-9), therefore raises significant concerns about fishery sustainability, ecosystem health, and maintaining global biogeochemical cycles (10). However, the degree of patchiness, instead of total biomass, may be the primary regulator of marine production and food web structure (11-16). Fronts in the ocean are boundaries between distinct water masses with sharp gradients in temperature or salinity (density) that can increase patchiness through flow convergence and, for density fronts, increase vertical mixing and nutrient supply (11,17). Due to flow convergence at fronts, the spatiotemporal overlap of prey and predators can be immense, leading to a cascade of impacts across multiple scales from local prey size structure to global biogeochemical fluxes (11-13). However, the effects of fronts as fishery productivity and biogeochemical cycling hotspots have not been included in models that assess fisheries production and ecosystem health (18) or addressed at scales (tens to hundreds of kilometers) relevant to climate change (19).Here we use an ecosystem model to explore why fronts appear to have a strong influence on marine fishery production and biogeochemical cycling. Existing ecosystem models currently account only for the mean concentration of predator and prey with relatively large grid cells (20). In a simple case of a single autotrophic prey (A) and a single heterotrophic predator (B) the governing equations are[1]These equations describe the change in biomass of predator and prey relative to nutrient supply (N), intrins...

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Section: Significancecontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean fronts drive marine fishery production and biogeochemical cycling

Woodson

Litvin

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

128

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“…Increased CO 2 and decreased O 2 move the aragonite compensation depth (Feely et al 2008) and oxycline (Bertrand et al 2011) upward, compressing the habitat for both competitors and predators of anchovy and sardine (Netburn & Koslow 2015).…”

Section: Distribution Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, Anchovy, and Sardine

Checkley

Asch

Rykaczewski

2017

Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.

175

129

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Anchovy and sardine populated productive ocean regions over hundreds of thousands of years under a naturally varying climate, and are now subject to climate change of equal or greater magnitude occurring over decades to centuries. We hypothesize that anchovy and sardine populations are limited in size by the supply of nitrogen from outside their habitats originating from upwelling, mixing, and rivers. Projections of the responses of anchovy and sardine to climate change rely on a range of model types and consideration of the effects of climate on lower trophic levels, the effects of fishing on higher trophic levels, and the traits of these two types of fish. Distribution, phenology, nutrient supply, plankton composition and production, habitat compression, fishing, and acclimation and adaptation may be affected by ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and altered hydrology. Observations of populations and evaluation of model skill are essential to resolve the effects of climate change on these fish.

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“…Bertrand et al (2011;this symposium) for example demonstrated the influence of oxygen concentrations on the distribution and abundance of various pelagic species on the Peruvian coast. At an individual level, the dynamic energy budget (DEB, Kooijman 2000) model has helped to discriminate between the reproductive strategies of sardine and anchovy (Gatti et al, this symposium).…”

Section: Population/species Scale: Still Advancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for a protean fisheries science to address the degradation of exploited aquatic ecosystems

Drouineau

Lobry

Bez

et al. 2016

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-In this introductory paper we highlight key questions that were discussed during the symposium on "Status, functioning and shifts in marine ecosystems" organized by the Association Française d'Halieutique (French Association for Fisheries Sciences, Montpellier, France, July 2015). This symposium illustrated that fisheries science is now working at multiple scales and on all dimensions of socio-ecosystems (ecological, political, sociological, and economic), with a great diversity of approaches and taking into account different levels of complexity while acknowledging diverse sources of uncertainty. We argue that we should go one step further and call for a protean fisheries science to address the deteriorated states of aquatic ecosystems caused by anthropogenic pressures. Protean science is constantly evolving to meet emerging issues, while improving its coherence and integration capacity in its complexity. This science must be nourished by multiple approaches and be capable of addressing all organizational scales, from individual fish or fishermen up to the entire ecosystem, include society, its economy and the services it derives from aquatic systems. Such a protean science is required to address the complexity of ecosystem functioning and of the impacts of anthropogenic pressures.

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Oxygen: A Fundamental Property Regulating Pelagic Ecosystem Structure in the Coastal Southeastern Tropical Pacific

Cited by 144 publications

References 44 publications

Ocean fronts drive marine fishery production and biogeochemical cycling

Ocean fronts drive marine fishery production and biogeochemical cycling

Climate, Anchovy, and Sardine

The need for a protean fisheries science to address the degradation of exploited aquatic ecosystems

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