Oxygen

SUMMARY Three different CO2 separation technologies for production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from biomass gasification – amine‐based absorption, membrane‐based separation and pressure swing adsorption – are investigated for their thermo‐economic performance against the background of different possible future energy market scenarios. The studied scale of the SNG plant is a thermal input of 100 MWth,LHV to the gasifier at a moisture content of 20 wt‐% with a preceding drying step reducing the biomass' natural moisture content of 50 wt‐%. Preparation of the CO2‐rich stream for carbon capture and storage is investigated for the amine‐based absorption and the membrane‐based separation technology alternatives. The resulting cold gas efficiency ηcg for the investigated process alternatives ranges between 0.65 and 0.695. The overall system efficiency ηsys ranges from 0.744 to 0.793, depending on both the separation technology and the background energy system. Amine‐based absorption gives the highest cold gas efficiency whereas the potential for cogeneration of electricity from the process' excess heat is higher for membrane‐based separation and pressure swing adsorption. The estimated specific production costs for SNG cSNG for a process input of 90.3 MWth,LHV at 50 wt‐% moisture vary between 103–127 €2010/MWhSNG. The corresponding production subsidy level csubsidy needed to achieve end‐user purchase price‐parity with fossil natural gas is in the range of 56–78 €2010/MWhSNG depending on both the energy market scenario and the CO2 separation technology. Sensitivity analysis on the influence of changes in the total capital cost for the SNG plant on the production cost indicates a decrease of about 12% assuming a 30% reduction in total capital investment. Capture and storage of biogenic CO2 – if included in the emission trading system – only becomes an option at higher CO2 charges. This is due to increased investment costs but, in particular, due to the rather high costs for CO2 transport and storage that have been assumed in this study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“… Based on O 2 ‐demand for membrane case with CO 2 storage (826 Nm 3 /h), on‐site plant, cryogenic, 7 $ 2000 /100 Nm 3 O 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of choice of CO₂separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Heyne

Harvey

2013

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…The operational costs consist of costs of feed stocks (naphtha and oxygen), utilities, maintenance and operations, depreciation (8% of total depreciable capital), and general expenses (12% of sales). Oxygen is purchased as a commodity chemical at a cost of $30/ton . This price includes the cost of energy required for producing the oxygen.…”

Section: Economic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discount rate of 10% is assumed. b Prices obtained from YNFX c Prices obtained from ICIS . BEP, break-even point; NPV, net present value. …”

Section: Economic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of C₃/C₄Olefins fromn-Hexane: Conceptual Design of a Catalytic Oxidative Cracking Process and Comparison to Steam Cracking

Boyadjian

Seshan

Lefferts

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A conceptual design of the catalytic oxidative cracking (COC) of hexane as a model compound of naphtha is reported. The design is based on experimental data which are elaborated through a structural design method to a process flow sheet. The potential of COC as an alternative to steam cracking (SC) is discussed through comparing the key differences between the two processes. The presence of Li/MgO catalyst in the COC process (i) induces hexane cracking at lower operation temperatures (575 °C) than in SC (800 °C) and (ii) controls the olefin distribution by increasing the ratio of (butylene + propylene)/ethylene. The product distribution, and thus the separation train of both processes, is different. Catalytic oxidative cracking is designed to maximize propylene and butylene production, while steam cracking is designed to maximize ethylene production. In comparison to SC, the COC process is more energy efficient and consumes 53% less total duty for a production capacity of 300 kton/year of light olefins. However, a preliminary economic evaluation illustrates that the loss of valuable feedstock as a result of combustion of part of the naphtha feed makes the COC process economically less attractive than SC.

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Möglichkeiten zur Energierückgewinnung aus Wasserstoff bei der Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse

Moussallem

Pinnow

Turek

2009

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Wasserstoff entsteht als Koppelprodukt bei der Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse und wird, sofern eine Verwendung für chemische Synthesen nicht möglich ist, in der Regel thermisch durch Verbrennung in Feuerungsanlagen genutzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden alternative Möglichkeiten zur Energierückgewinnung aus Wasserstoff energetisch und wirtschaftlich bewertet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Vermeidung der Entstehung von Wasserstoff mit Hilfe von so genannten Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden energetisch und wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft ist. Dies gilt insbesondere bei zukünftig weiter steigenden Strompreisen. Demgegenüber ist die Verstromung von Wasserstoff in Brennstoffzellen wegen des geringeren Wirkungsgrads erst dann ähnlich attraktiv, wenn sich die Kosten für Brennstoffzellen‐Systeme im Zuge einer zukünftigen Massenfertigung signifikant verringern lassen.

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Oxygen

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties … Show more

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of choice of CO₂separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Impact of choice of CO₂separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Production of C₃/C₄Olefins fromn-Hexane: Conceptual Design of a Catalytic Oxidative Cracking Process and Comparison to Steam Cracking

Möglichkeiten zur Energierückgewinnung aus Wasserstoff bei der Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse

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Oxygen

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties … Show more

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of choice of CO2separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Impact of choice of CO2separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Production of C3/C4Olefins fromn-Hexane: Conceptual Design of a Catalytic Oxidative Cracking Process and Comparison to Steam Cracking

Möglichkeiten zur Energierückgewinnung aus Wasserstoff bei der Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse

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Impact of choice of CO₂separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Impact of choice of CO₂separation technology on thermo-economic performance of Bio-SNG production processes

Production of C₃/C₄Olefins fromn-Hexane: Conceptual Design of a Catalytic Oxidative Cracking Process and Comparison to Steam Cracking