Oxidoreductase, morphogenesis, extracellular matrix, and calcium ion-binding gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat heart

Abstract

van Lunteren E, Moyer M. Oxidoreductase, morphogenesis, extracellular matrix, and calcium ion-binding gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat heart.

Gene expression of sternohyoid and diaphragm muscles in type 2 diabetic rats

“…2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1 (Decr1) catalyzes the conversion of 2,4 dienoyl-CoA to cis-Δ 3 -enoyl-CoA and is involved in the mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway (Figure  2). In previous studies, Decr1 increased 5-fold in type 1 streptozotocin diabetic rat liver mitochondia [38], 2-fold in our previous studies in type 1 diabetic rat diaphragm [12] and heart [14], 2-fold in type 1 diabetic rat heart [39] and nearly four-fold in limb skeletal muscle of 12 week old type 2 diabetic rats [11]. Adipose differentiation related protein (Adfp) has increased expression in db/db mouse kidney [40].…”

“…The gene expression changes which contribute to the carbohydrate to lipid metabolic shift have only been partially elucidated. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat diaphragm (a type 1 diabetes model), we found a small increase in expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and a large decrease in expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, indicating that the gene expression contribution to the carbohydrate to lipid metabolic shift is directed most strongly at changes in carbohydrate metabolism [12] In contrast, type 1 diabetic rat heart has no significant change in carbohydrate gene expression but substantially augmented gene expression related to lipid metabolism [14]. The findings of the present study indicate that in diaphragm and sternohyoid muscles type 2 diabetes produces a similar overall shift favoring carbohydrate over lipid metabolism gene expression that was seen in type 1 diabetic rat diaphragm.…”

“…Gpd1 and Gpd2 are glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes that are important members of the glycerol phosphate shuttle which are involved in the interconversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate with concomitant reduction of FAD. Gpd2 also had decreased expression in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat heart [14] and diaphragm [12]. …”

“…Gene expression array studies were performed in a manner similar to that described previously [14-16]. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol (GibcoBRL, Rockville, MD), and the RNA pellets were resuspended at 1 μg RNA/μl DEPC-treated water.…”

“…Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to confirm changes in gene expression as described previously [14-16]. Testing was done using the same tissue that had been used for gene expression arrays, and was performed on genes which were chosen from the main, statistically over-represented, GO groupings based on biological interest.…”