Oxidoreductase enzymes: Characteristics, applications, and challenges as a biocatalyst

Abstract

Oxidoreductases are enzymes with distinctive characteristics that favor their use in different areas, such as agriculture, environmental management, medicine, and analytical chemistry. Among these enzymes, oxidases, dehydrogenases, peroxidases, and oxygenases are very interesting. Because their substrate diversity, they can be used in different biocatalytic processes by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Immobilization of these enzymes has favored their use in the solution of different biotechnological problems, with a notable increase in the study and optimization of this technology in the last years. In this review, the main structural and catalytical features of oxidoreductases, their substrate specificity, immobilization, and usage in biocatalytic processes, such as bioconversion, bioremediation, and biosensors obtainment, are presented.

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“…Oxygenase enzymes belong to the oxidoreductase group. Based on the number of oxygen atoms, oxygenases are classified into two groups: monooxygenases and dioxygenases [121] . They are very important in the metabolic process of organic compounds and enhance water solubility [122] .…”

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“…These reactions account for at least one-third of all enzymatic reactions recorded in the BRENDA (Braunschweig ENzyme DAtabase). 338,339 Oxidoreductases are a diverse group of enzymes that play a central role in various chemical oxidation-reduction reactions. These enzymes facilitate the transfer of electrons or the performance of oxidation and reduction reactions between different substrates.…”

“…These enzymes facilitate the transfer of electrons or the performance of oxidation and reduction reactions between different substrates. 338,340 They have a variety of properties that make them useful in many elds, including agriculture, environmental management, medicine, and analytical chemistry. These enzymes include oxidases, peroxidases, dehydrogenases, and oxygenases.…”

“…These enzymes include oxidases, peroxidases, dehydrogenases, and oxygenases. 338,341,342 Oxidoreductases can be functionally classied into several categories: (i) oxidases catalyze oxidation reactions using oxygen as the nal electron acceptor. A well-known example is laccase, one of the rst oxidases studied.…”

“…A well-known example is laccase, one of the rst oxidases studied. 338,343 (ii) Peroxidases: these enzymes catalyze the oxidation of substrates using a peroxide, with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) being the most commonly used peroxide. 344 (iii) Dehydrogenases: these enzymes oxidize substrates by transferring electrons from hydrogen atoms to acceptor or donor cofactors.…”