Oxidized Silicon Nanoparticles and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Radiation Therapy

Abstract

Our research objective is to develop superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and silicon nanoparticles as radiosensitizers for cancer therapy. After internalization by breast tumor cells and irradiation with X-rays, the nanoparticles were observed to enhance the oxidative stress in tumor cells. While silicon nanoparticles increase the reactive oxygen species production under X-ray treatment due to their incompletely oxidized surface, positively charged amino-functionalized silicon nanoparticles enhance the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation because of their direct interaction with the mitochondrial membrane. On the other hand, uncoated and citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were found to increase the reactive oxygen species formation in X-ray treated tumor cells via two particular surface features, being, first, the leakage of iron ions and second, the catalytic activity of nanoparticle surfaces. Both may initiate the Haber-Weiss and Fenton reaction.On the other hand, incompletely coated or uncoated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) may promote the generation of ROS via different pathways. One occurs through the release of iron ions into the cytosol where immediate chelation by citrate or adenosine phosphate will take place [16][17][18][19]. Chelated iron ions can participate in the Haber-Weiss chemistry and thus, will catalyze the formation of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical that

Review on Classification, Methods, and Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles with Their Applications

“…85 Nanostructures, 86 which hold a lot of promise in fuel cell manufacturing, nano colloidal catalysts, nanoclusters 87,88 in hydrogen storing, such as the electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and are all examples of nanoparticle applications in energy. 89 Nanoparticles are used in food, such as Nano tea 90 and Nanoceuticals Slim Shake Chocolate, 91 as well as bioprocessing, wearable electronics, and cosmetics. 92,93…”