Oxidized microcrystalline cellulose improve thermoplastic starch-based composite films: Thermal, mechanical and water-solubility properties

Chen, Jie; Chen, Fushan; Meng, Yahui; Wang, Shuangfei; Long, Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.026

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It was possible to reduce hydrophilicity with the incorporation of the two organic acids used, which can significantly improve the effectiveness of this material as a compatibilizing agent for mixtures between biopolymers, as in the case of TPS with PLA. These results are comparable with TPS films plasticized with glycerol (38.7 • ) reinforced with oxidized microcrystalline cellulose [53], in which contact angles between 46.1 • and 67.9 • were measured. Other hydrocolloid-based films such as the casein plasticized with glycerol reported by Chevalier et al [54] presented similar contact angles (~57 • ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Rheological, Thermal, Superficial, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Achira Starch Modified with Lactic Acid and Oleic Acid

et al. 2019

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The modification of achira starch a thermoplastic biopolymer is shown. Glycerol and sorbitol, common plasticizers, were used in the molten state with organic acids such as oleic acid and lactic acid obtaining thermodynamically more stable products. The proportion of starch:plasticizer was 70:30, and the acid agent was added in portions from 3%, 6%, and 9% by weight. These mixtures were obtained in a torque rheometer for 10 min at 130 °C. The lactic acid managed to efficiently promote the gelatinization process by increasing the available polar sites towards the surface of the material; as a result, there were lower values in the contact angle, these results were corroborated with the analysis performed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results derived from oscillatory rheological analysis had a viscous behavior in the thermoplastic starch samples and with the presence of acids; this behavior favors the transitions from viscous to elastic. The mixture of sorbitol or glycerol with lactic acid promoted lower values of the loss module, the storage module, and the complex viscosity, which means lower residual energy in the transition of the viscous state to the elastic state; this allows the compounds to be scaled to conventional polymer transformation processes.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Rheological, Thermal, Superficial, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Achira Starch Modified with Lactic Acid and Oleic Acid

et al. 2019

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“…Comparative study was done with other TPS bio-composite systems investigated by other researchers. Based on the data obtained from recent literatures, our TPS hybrid bio-composite film’s tensile strength is on par with the values reported, while the flexibility of our film is much better than them [ 13 , 14 , 39 ]. For instance, Fazeli et al have used cellulose fibers to reinforce the TPS derived from corn.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…This is somewhat impressive as the addition of natural filler or inorganic filler always reduces the elongation at break of the matrix. This is because filler with a stiffer characteristic reduces the flexibility of the biopolymer [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tensile toughness property of a material relates to its capability to possess both high tensile strength and high flexibility when stretched. So far, there have been no published papers reporting an increase in both the strength and toughness of the bio-polymeric film with the addition of fillers; in fact, most articles report a decrease in the flexibility of the film along with the increase in its strength [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. This is because high-modulus filler can restrict the molecular motions of the biopolymer matrices, lowering its elongation at break value and thus making it more brittle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance

et al. 2021

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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) hybrid bio-composite films containing microcrystalline cellulose (C) and nano-bentonite (B) as hybrid fillers were studied to replace the conventional non-degradable plastic in packaging applications. Raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was subjected to chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis to obtain C filler. B filler was ultra-sonicated for better dispersion in the TPS films to improve the filler–matrix interactions. The morphology and structure of fillers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPS hybrid bio-composite films were produced by the casting method with different ratios of B and C fillers. The best ratio of B/C was determined through the data of the tensile test. FTIR analysis proved the molecular interactions between the TPS and the hybrid fillers due to the presence of polar groups in their structure. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalation of the TPS chains between the B inter-platelets as a result of well-developed interactions between the TPS and hybrid fillers. SEM images suggested that more plastic deformation occurred in the fractured surface of the TPS hybrid bio-composite film due to the higher degree of stretching after being subjected to tensile loading. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating the hybrid B/C fillers could tremendously improve the mechanical properties of the films. The best ratio of B/C in the TPS was found to be 4:1, in which the tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young’s modulus (42.0 MPa), elongation at break (116.4%) and tensile toughness of the film were increased by 92%, 146%, 156% and 338%, respectively. The significantly improved strength, modulus, flexibility and toughness of the film indicate the benefits of using the hybrid fillers, since these features are useful for the development of sustainable flexible packaging film.

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“…Moreover, the fibers are miscible with starch potentially by forming hydrogen bonds. Though fibers could enhance the performance of starch-based bioplastics to a certain extent, both biopolymers and plasticizers are hydrophilic, resulting in a poor water resistance of the composites [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Starch/Empty Fruit Bunch-Based Bioplastic Composites Reinforced with Epoxidized Oils

et al. 2020

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This study examined the development of starch/oil palm empty fruit bunch-based bioplastic composites reinforced with either epoxidized palm oil (EPO) or epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), at various concentrations, in order to improve the mechanical and water-resistance properties of the bio-composites. The SEM micrographs showed that low content (0.75 wt%) of epoxidized oils (EOs), especially ESO, improved the compatibility of the composites, while high content (3 wt%) of EO induced many voids. The melting temperature of the composites was increased by the incorporation of both EOs. Thermal stability of the bioplastics was increased by the introduction of ESO. Low contents of EO led to a huge enhancement of tensile strength, while higher contents of EO showed a negative effect, due to the phase separation. The tensile strength increased from 0.83 MPa of the control sample to 3.92 and 5.42 MPa for the composites with 1.5 wt% EPO and 0.75 wt% ESO, respectively. EOs reduced the composites’ water uptake and solubility but increased the water vapor permeability. Overall, the reinforcing effect of ESO was better than EPO. These results suggested that both EOs can be utilized as modifiers to prepare starch/empty-fruit-bunch-based bioplastic composites with enhanced properties.

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Oxidized microcrystalline cellulose improve thermoplastic starch-based composite films: Thermal, mechanical and water-solubility properties

Cited by 38 publications

References 52 publications

Rheological, Thermal, Superficial, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Achira Starch Modified with Lactic Acid and Oleic Acid

Rheological, Thermal, Superficial, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Achira Starch Modified with Lactic Acid and Oleic Acid

On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance

Preparation and Characterization of Starch/Empty Fruit Bunch-Based Bioplastic Composites Reinforced with Epoxidized Oils

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