Oxidized lipid‐associated protein damage in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: New diagnostic/prognostic clinical markers

Kostopoulou, Eirini; Kalaitzopoulou, Electra; Papadea, Polyxeni; Skipitari, Marianna; Gil, Andrea Paola Rojas; Spiliotis, Bessie E.; Georgiou, Christos D.

doi:10.1111/pedi.13271

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is of particular concern, knowing that T2DM has a more aggressive course in adolescents than in adults and that progression to insulin dependence due to deterioration of β cell function is rapid 34 . The age at presentation of T1DM was younger compared to previous years in a study from Spain 35 , whereas no statistical difference was found in the age at presentation in a study from Greece 36 . Increased severity and frequency of DKA at diagnosis has also been documented, hypothetically due to delayed care-seeking or, hypothetically, due to SARS-CoV-2 aggressiveness 36 37 .…”

Section: Endocrine Diseasementioning

confidence: 66%

The Interplay Between COVID-19 and Pediatric Endocrine Disorders. What have we Learned After More than Three Years of the Pandemic?

Kostopoulou

2023

Horm Metab Res

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As an increased body of COVID-19 related research is now available, it becomes apparent that the effects of COVID-19 extend beyond that of the respiratory system. Among others, the endocrine system is particularly vulnerable to perturbation from the COVID-19 infection. The present scoping review summarizes the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and endocrine system in children and adolescents, by describing both the possible susceptibility of children and adolescents without endocrinopathies to endocrine disorders following COVID-19 infection, but also the potential susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and severe infection, or the aggravation of endocrine dysfunction in patients with pre-existing endocrine diseases. Data suggest increased obesity and diabetes rates, as well as increased severity and frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis following COVID-19 infection. Conversely, patients with diabetes and obesity may experience a more severe course of COVID-19 infection. However, in the majority of cases, children and adolescents with well-managed and regulated endocrine disorders do not appear to be at increased risk of infection or severe infection from COVID-19. Thus, adhering to the appropriate “sick day management rules”, maintaining adequate supply of medications and supplies, keeping close contact with the therapeutic team and seeking medical help without delay when needed, are the main recommendations for a safe outcome. Additional lessons learnt during the pandemic include the risk for mental health diseases caused by children’s disrupted routine due to COVID-19 related protective measures and the importance of adopting alternative communication options, such as telehealth visits, in order to ensure uninterrupted endocrine care.

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Section: Endocrine Diseasementioning

confidence: 66%

The Interplay Between COVID-19 and Pediatric Endocrine Disorders. What have we Learned After More than Three Years of the Pandemic?

Kostopoulou

2023

Horm Metab Res

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“…From another point of view, in the present study, there were indicators of oxidative stress such as elevated ROS generation and AGEs deposition in the tissue of the GDM mothers. Kostopoulou et al showed that oxidative stress leads to the development of DM and its complications (25). Cristian E. indicated that GDM exposes the placenta to a hypoxic environment that would disturb vascular function on account of persistently increased oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Elevates eNOS Expression and VSMCs Proliferation of the Umbilical Vein of GDM Mothers

et al. 2023

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Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of fetal and maternal complications, such as type 2 DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to predict the potential for future vascular complications in mothers with GDM by evaluating oxidative stress, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in the umbilical vessels of mothers with GDM. Material and Methods: Subjects were divided into two groups: normoglycemic control (NGC) group (n = 10) and GDM group (n = 12). Expression of eNOS and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined. The mitochondrial mass of HUVECs was evaluated by spectrofluorometry. VSMC proliferation was ascertained in vitro with an EdU cell proliferation assay. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation was measured by ELISA and assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: VSMC proliferation, eNOS expression, and ROS production in HUVECs were significantly increased, and greater immunohistochemical staining to AGEs was observed in endothelium in GDM. Conclusion: Increased oxidative stress, which elevates eNOS expression and VSMC proliferation in the umbilical vessels of mothers with GDM, may be a sign that mothers have a high potential for developing diabetes or cardiovascular disease in the future.

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“…Mouse mothers and their embryos were sampled for their livers which were homogenized and further processed for O 2 •− determination, by a protocol by our lab described elsewhere [ 41 ]. PrMDA and PrTBARS quantification: Liver/embryo total proteins were isolated during O 2 •− determination protocol execution, solubilized in ~50 µL 0.05 M NaOH, ~5 μL of which was ~20×-diluted with ddH2O and its protein content was quantified (as bovine serum albumin, BSA, equivalents) by an ultra-sensitive sensitive assay also developed by our lab [ 42 , 43 ]. OS marker values are expressed per mg BSA equivalents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Calorie Restriction Induces a Transcriptional Cytoprotective Response in Embryonic Liver Partially Dependent on Nrf2

et al. 2022

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Background: Calorie restriction is known to enhance Nrf2 signaling and longevity in adult mice, partially by reducing reactive oxygen species, but calorie restriction during pregnancy leads to intrauterine growth retardation. The latter is associated with fetal reprogramming leading to increased incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes in adult life. Transcription factor Nrf2 is a central regulator of the antioxidant response and its crosstalk with metabolic pathways is emerging. We hypothesized that the Nrf2 pathway is induced in embryos during calorie restriction in pregnant mothers. Methods: From gestational day 10 up to day 16, 50% of the necessary mouse diet was provided to Nrf2 heterozygous pregnant females with fathers being of the same genotype. Embryos were harvested at the end of gestational day 16 and fetal liver was used for qRT-PCR and assessment of oxidative stress (OS). Results: Intrauterine calorie restriction led to upregulation of mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (Nqo1, Gsta1, Gsta4) and of genes related to integrated stress response (Chac1, Ddit3) in WT embryos. The expression of a key gluconeogenic (G6pase) and two lipogenic genes (Acacb, Fasn) was repressed in calorie-restricted embryos. In Nrf2 knockout embryos, the induction of Nqo1 and Gsta1 genes was abrogated while that of Gsta4 was preserved, indicating an at least partially Nrf2-dependent induction of antioxidant genes after in utero calorie restriction. Measures of OS showed no difference (superoxide radical and malondialdehyde) or a small decrease (thiobarbituric reactive substances) in calorie-restricted WT embryos. Conclusions: Calorie restriction during pregnancy elicits the transcriptional induction of cytoprotective/antioxidant genes in the fetal liver, which is at least partially Nrf2-dependent, with a physiological significance that warrants further investigation.

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Oxidized lipid‐associated protein damage in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: New diagnostic/prognostic clinical markers

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

The Interplay Between COVID-19 and Pediatric Endocrine Disorders. What have we Learned After More than Three Years of the Pandemic?

The Interplay Between COVID-19 and Pediatric Endocrine Disorders. What have we Learned After More than Three Years of the Pandemic?

Oxidative Stress Elevates eNOS Expression and VSMCs Proliferation of the Umbilical Vein of GDM Mothers

Maternal Calorie Restriction Induces a Transcriptional Cytoprotective Response in Embryonic Liver Partially Dependent on Nrf2

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