Oxidized LDL and NO synthesis—Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and ageing

Grădinaru, Daniela; Borșa, Claudia; Ionescu, Cristina; Prada, Gabriel Ioan

doi:10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.003

Cited by 136 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…[33][34][35] A number of studies have demonstrated lower levels of nitrite/nitrate plasma in diabetic patients compared to the healthy controls. 36,37 Diabetic patients often experience elevated glucose levels. A part of this glucose becomes incorporated into hemoglobin and is measured as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of glycemic control on some real-time biomarkers of free radical formation in type 2 diabetic patients: An EPR study

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycosylated hemoglobin binds •NO very tightly in the form of nitrosothiols and any •NO that is formed cannot be easily released from red blood cells. 36,37 Limited release of •NO is one of the reasons for violating essential cellular functions. Since in our study (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of glycemic control on some real-time biomarkers of free radical formation in type 2 diabetic patients: An EPR study

et al. 2017

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“…The endothelium, thanks to its strategic position between the plasma and the underlying vascular tissue and its constitutive properties, has extensive biological activities that have key importance for body homeostasis [32,33]. Endothelial cells (EC) regulate the transport of plasma molecules, in physiological conditions, by receptor-mediated and receptor-independent transcytosis and endocytosis; this traffic is bidirectional to monitor vascular tone and to synthesize and secrete a large variety of factors.…”

Section: Nf-κb In Early Stages Of Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endothelial cells (EC) regulate the transport of plasma molecules, in physiological conditions, by receptor-mediated and receptor-independent transcytosis and endocytosis; this traffic is bidirectional to monitor vascular tone and to synthesize and secrete a large variety of factors. Moreover, the endothelial layer has an important role in the regulation of hemostasis, inflammation, immunity, signal transduction, and lipidic homeostasis [32,34,35]. Under pathological conditions such as hyperlipidaemia and/or hyperglycemia, alterations in endothelial function precede the development of atherosclerotic plaques and contribute decisively to their perpetuation and to the clinical manifestations of vascular diseases [32].…”

Section: Nf-κb In Early Stages Of Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

NF-κB — A Key Factor in Atherogenesis and Atheroprogression

Bonomini¹,

Favero²,

Rezzani³

2015

Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis and Atherothrombosis - New Insights and Experimental Protocols

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Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases and it is responsible for a large proportion of mortality in the Western society.Initially, atherosclerosis was thought to be a degenerative disease that was an inevitable consequence of aging. The recent research has shown that atherosclerosis is a slowly progressing inflammatory disease of the medium-and large-sized arteries, resulting in the formation of fatty and fibrous lesions.Inflammatory processes mark all stages of atherogenesis: from early endothelial activation by modified lipids to eventual rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. The inflammation of the vessel wall is a feature of this pathology, which is characterized by infiltration and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), increase in oxidative stress, with the consequent lipid accumulation in the vessel wall, and foam cells formation.The extensive relation between the immune system and vessels induce the infiltration of immune cells into the vascular wall, the major pathogenic step in atherogenesis. At this aim, reactive oxygen species play a crucial role activating a number of redox-sensitive transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which is involved in transcription of many genes with an established role in atherosclerosis, such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins, regulators of apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Since its discovery in 1986, the transcription factor NF-κB has evoked large attention on the basis of its peculiar regulation, the abundance of activation stimuli, the different genes and biological responses controlled, the striking evolutionary conservation of structure and function among family members, and its role in different human diseases.Recognition of the leading role of inflammation at all stages of pathogenesis focuses on the potential relationship between systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis and fuelled intense basic science, health, and clinical research.The understanding of the inflammation involvement in atherogenesis, atheroprogression, and its complications confirm the importance of traditional risk factors in this disease, such as high LDL levels. Indeed, inflammatory process can be considered a pathway that, from mechanistic and functional points of view, suggests a connection with the known risk factors and alterations to the vessel biology that drive to atheroprogression and its complications.In this review, we discuss the transcription factor NF-κB and its potential role in atherogenesis and atheroprogression focusing on the major atherosclerotic factors regulated by NF-κB and how they may affect different steps in the atherosclerotic process.

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“…10,11 Other than NO and SOD, the reported potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunctions is oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) that have been expressed in vascular diseases. 12,13,14 Several Thai traditional herbal medicines have been suggested as providing antioxidant activities, and one of them are Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit. L. leucocephala has been reported of processing antioxidant activities by providing important substances such as flavonoids, terpenes and coumarins, sterols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leaves Extracts in Culture of Human Umbilical Vein Cells

Chatchanayuenyong¹,

Sujayanont²,

Vuttivirojana³

2017

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Oxidative stress can induce vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and hyperlipidemia patients. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit has been reported of possessing antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholiesterase activity; as well as the toxic substance called mimosine. Aims: To determine antioxidant effects of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leave extracts in oxidative stress induced vascular endothelial function. Methods and Material: Leave extracts were determined for antioxidant activity. Either or both of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and glucose were applied to induce oxidative stress condition in human umbilical vein cultured (HUVCs) to observe superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) level and morphological changes. Results: Total polyphenol and flavonoid were 51.04 ± 0.91 mg GAE/g and 0.13 ± 0.01 mg catechin/g of dried weight (DW), respectively. Free radical reduction efficiency of crude extract observed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed IC 50 value of 329.6 µg of vitamin C equivalent/mg of extracts. Frap value was showed 428.54 ± 15.32 mM FeII equivalent/g of DW. The result observing in HUVCs showed that comparing to the control, SOD activity, NO and MDA level were maintained in 0.05 mg/mL of L. leucocephala treated group, but NO and MDA level were lowered when comparing with oxLDL and glucose-induced oxidative stress. No change was observed in 0.05 mg/mL of L. leucocephala treated group, comparing with control group. Conclusion: This study has been performed to exhibit the antioxidant activity of L. leucocephala in endothelium functions and has been found to have an appropriate concentration at 0.05 mg/mL in reducing oxidative stress condition in impaired fasting blood glucose patients. Nevertheless, the optimal level for toxic activity in inhibition of cancer angiogenesis should be further investigated.

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Oxidized LDL and NO synthesis—Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and ageing

Cited by 136 publications

References 121 publications

Influence of glycemic control on some real-time biomarkers of free radical formation in type 2 diabetic patients: An EPR study

Influence of glycemic control on some real-time biomarkers of free radical formation in type 2 diabetic patients: An EPR study

NF-κB — A Key Factor in Atherogenesis and Atheroprogression

Effects of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leaves Extracts in Culture of Human Umbilical Vein Cells

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