Oxidization enhances type I ROS generation of AIE-active zwitterionic photosensitizers for photodynamic killing of drug-resistant bacteria

Abstract

An efficient type I zwitterionic photosensitizer MPD-O was constructed by an oxidization strategy, providing a new guideline for the development of AIE-active type I photosensitizers.

Ruthenium terpyridine complexes based on dppz ligands as photodynamic antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus

“…DCFH can be converted into 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) upon activation by ROS and emits green fluorescence. 36 As depicted in Fig. 6a and b, the fluorescence emission of DCFH alone exhibited negligible variation under blue LED light irradiation (25 mW cm −2 ).…”

“…The method of hydrolyzing DCFH-DA to DCFH is reported in the literature. 36 Different concentrations of Ru2 were added to the PBS solution, and 100 μL of the ROS indicator DCFH (4 × 10 −5 M) was added under light or non-light (blue LED, 25 mW cm −2 ) conditions for 5 min and then measured via fluorescence spectrometry. The PL spectra were recorded with excitation at 488 nm and emission was collected from 500 to 800 nm.…”

Identification of a Sonically Activated Degrader of Methionine Adenosyltransferase 2A by an in Silico Approach Assisted with the Hole–Electron Analysis

“…The excited molecule can undergo intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state (T 1 ). Owing to the much longer lifetime than S 1 , T 1 can react with molecular oxygen to yield ROS . To gain insights for the difference of the compounds in ROS generation, time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) and hole–electron analysis were applied to investigate their activation process. , Subtraction of the linear combination coefficients of configuration function for the ground (S 0 ) and the excited singlet (S 1 ) states suggested the excitation process involved the diffusion of electron in pyrido­[2,3- d ]­pyrimidin (shown in green, Figure C) to the hole located in the R 1 group (shown in blue, Figure C, and Supporting Information (SI), Figure S2).…”

Design and Synthesis of Metalloporphyrin Nanoconjugates for Dual Light-Responsive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

“…6,7 Over the past few years, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has gained a lot of attention as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics. 8,9 In APDT, photoactivation of photosensitizers (PSs) induces oxidative stress in the tissue microenvironment, thereby destroying cells nonselectively. Mechanistically, the excitation of PS molecules with a particular wavelength of light triggers electron transitions from the ground state (S 0 ) to the excited triplet state (T 1 ) and subsequently to the ground state.…”