Monoclinic zirconia has been uncovered as a carrier able to substantially boost the activity of indium oxide for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Here, electronic, geometric, and interfacial phenomena associated with this unique effect are investigated. Generating mixed In-Zr oxides by coprecipitation does not improve performance, excluding a primary role of electronic parameters.Since even only 1 mol% of indium stabilizes the metastable tetragonal phase of zirconia, the relevance of its crystalline structure is explored in impregnated solids. Both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 permit epitaxial growth of In2O3, but a delicate lattice mismatching leads to a slightly lower dispersion of the oxide on the second, which is observed in the form of subnanometric islands on the carrier. More importantly, compressive and tensile forces are exerted on In2O3, respectively, which inhibit and foster oxygen vacancy formation, in line with the low and greatly enhanced indium-specific activity of the catalysts prepared with the two polymorphs.Hence, a deposition synthesis method is essential to unlock the role of monoclinic zirconia.According to analyses with reference In2O3-based catalysts supported on alumina and ceria, which display diverse ability to activate CO2 on their surface, the direct participation of monoclinic zirconia in a parallel pathway to methanol is put forward as a second origin of activity boosting.The latter is likely enabled by the abundancy of indium active sites vicinal to the interface and/or by a more favorable CO2 adsorption geometry onto this carrier or onto an alternative bimetallic site possibly produced.