Oxide Semiconductors: From Materials to Devices

Fortunato, Elvira; Barquinha, Pedro; Gonçalves, Gonçalo; Pereira, L.; Martins, Rodrigo

doi:10.1002/9780470710609.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 97 publications

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“…This type of approach, which may be readily implemented at the industrial level, is suitable for windows of buildings situated in regions that have continental climate . The novelty of this system lies on two premises: (1) the replacement of the usually employed ITO by amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO), a material with high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency in the visible and NIR spectral regions owing to the lower carrier concentration and higher charge mobility; ,− (2) the use of a diureasil electrolyte doped with a protonic ionic liquid (DUPIL 60 ), prepared by sol–gel chemistry and exhibiting high transparency and high proton conductivity. The glass/a-IZO/WO 3 /DUPIL 60 /NiO/a-IZO/glass device tested is endowed with three voltage-actuated modes: bright hot at 0.0 V, semibright warm at −2.0 V, and dark cold at −2.5 V. In addition it offers very high switching efficiency and optical density modulation, good cycling stability, impressive coloration efficiency (−12538/–14818 cm 2 C –1 for coloration; + 2901/+3428 cm 2 C –1 for bleaching at 555/1000 nm), exceptional optical memory, and self-healing ability following the application of a mechanical stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Dual-Mode Smart Windows for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Nunes

Saraiva

Pereira

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Electrochromic devices (ECDs) combining visible/near-infrared (NIR) transparent amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO) external layers with innovative NIR-emitting electrolytes composed of red seaweed-derived κ-carrageenan (κ-Cg) polysaccharide, glycerol (Gly), and erbium triflate (ErTrif3·xH2O) are proposed as a valuable technological solution for the development of smart windows providing less heating demand, less glare and more indoors human comfort for the new generation of energy-efficient buildings. The electrolyte preparation is cheap, clean, and fast. The optimized sample including 50 wt% Gly/κ-Cg and 40 wt% ErTrif3·xH2O/κ-Cg exhibits the highest ionic conductivity (1.5 × 10–4 S cm–1 at 20 °C) and displays ultraviolet (UV)/blue and NIR emissions associated with the κ-Cg-based host and the Er3+ ions (4I15/2 → 4I13/2), respectively. The 5-layer configuration ECD tested demonstrated fast switching time (50 s), high electrochromic contrast (transmittance variations of 46/51% at 550/1000 nm), high optical density change (0.89/0.75 at 550/1000 nm), outstanding coloration efficiency (450th cycle = –15902/–13400 cm2 C–1 and +3072/+2589 cm2 C–1 at 550/1000 nm for coloration and bleaching, respectively), excellent electrochemical stability, and self-healing after mechanical damage. The ECD encompasses two voltage-operated modes: semibright warm (+3.0 V, transmittances of 52/61% at 550/1000 nm) and dark cold (−3.0 V, transmittances of 7/11% at 550/1000 nm).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Dual-Mode Smart Windows for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Nunes

Saraiva

Pereira

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Radio Frequency Coplanar ZnO Schottky Nanodiodes Processed from Solution on Plastic Substrates

Semple

Rossbauer

Burgess

et al. 2016

Small

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Keywords: Schottky diode, radio frequency diodes, RFID, nanogap electrode, 13.56 MHz Main TextRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly growing technology used for wireless communication and the identification of objects in close proximity through radio waves. [1] Although already a billion dollar industry [2] , RFID technology promises substantial further growth by adopting fully printable processing routes. However, there remain several bottlenecks to be overcome before this opportunity can be realised, particularly pertaining to the high frequency performance of printable electronics.RFID tags are generally composed of a coupling element, or antenna, a direct current (DC) rectifier and integrated circuitry (IC). The rectifying element is by far the most important component in terms of high-frequency (HF) operation, as the logic may take place at much J. Semple et al., Small (2016), DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503110 2 lower frequencies than the RF base carrier frequency. Different frequency bands exist for different applications, though the current target for printable RFID is the widely employed 13.56 MHz band. [1] Conventionally, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology favours the use of diode-connected metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for rectification within this element. However, Schottky diodes, with their inherently lower voltage operation, lower series resistance and exponential currentvoltage relationship offer a superior choice for rectifiers. [4] There has been extensive work carried out in recent years to develop high frequency organic Schottky diodes following the pioneering work of Steudel et al. who demonstrated pentacene-based Schottky diode rectifiers operating at 50 MHz. [5] More recently C60-basedSchottky diodes with a cut-off frequency (fCO) up to 0.7 GHz have also been reported. [6] Diodes based on metal oxide materials (particularly In-Ga-Zn-O) have recently emerged as a promising material, demonstrating device performance up to and above 1 GHz. [7][8][9] Despite such promising results, manufacturing of these conventional staggered diodes relies on vacuum processing, which renders them incompatible with cost-effective large-volume product integration. To address this important bottleneck, recent work has been devoted to solutionprocessable organic diodes with adequate performance. [10][11][12] Si nanoparticles have recently been demonstrated as a potential route to solution processed diodes with cut-off frequencies as high as 1.6 GHz.[13] However, demonstrating high yield manufacturing of solution-processed diodes with cut-off frequency 50 MHz still remains a significant challenge.The operational frequency of Schottky diodes is inversely proportional to the product of the series resistance (RS) and junction capacitance (Cj). A common approach to boosting the device cut-off frequency is by reducing RS through the use of a high charge carrier mobility J. Semple et al., Small (2016) However, there are inherent problems with implementing...

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Transparent conductive thin films

Bright

2013

Optical Thin Films and Coatings

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Oxide Semiconductors: From Materials to Devices

Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

Sustainable Dual-Mode Smart Windows for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Sustainable Dual-Mode Smart Windows for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Radio Frequency Coplanar ZnO Schottky Nanodiodes Processed from Solution on Plastic Substrates

Transparent conductive thin films

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