Oxide layer stability in lead–bismuth at high temperature

Spectroscopic and microscopic study of the corrosion of iron–silicon steel by lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) at elevated temperatures

“…Recent studies of the corrosion of steel by static LBE include the work of Kurata et al [24,25], Soler et al [26], Furukawa et al [27], Martin et al [28], and Gnecco et al [29]. Studies in flowing LBE include the work by Kondo et al [30], Zhang et al [31], Mueller et al [32], Aiello et al [33], Deloffre et al [34], Balbaud-Celerier and Terlain [35], and Ilincev et al [36].…”

Temperature Dependence of Corrosion of Ferritic/Martensitic and Austenitic Steels in Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] It is pointed out that corrosion mechanism in LBE changes from protective oxidation to dissolution above 500 C while it depends on oxygen concentration and types of steels. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, there are unclear points to make a quantitative prediction about corrosion in LBE because the obtained experimental data are still insufficient and scattered. Phenomena such as oxidation, grain boundary corrosion/ internal oxidation, penetration of LBE and dissolution of elements occur in LBE corrosion.…”

Corrosion behavior of steels in liquid lead–bismuth with low oxygen concentrations

“…Ferritization of austenitic stainless steels due to Ni dissolution into LBE has been reported under the condition of high and middle oxygen concentrations above 550°C [9,11,15,23,24]. The stability of oxide layers formed in LBE was studied at various temperatures and oxygen concentrations [12,18,20]. The experimental results showed that there existed the threshold temperature of the formation of a protective and stable oxide layer that depended on types of steels and oxygen concentrations [18,20].…”

“…The stability of oxide layers formed in LBE was studied at various temperatures and oxygen concentrations [12,18,20]. The experimental results showed that there existed the threshold temperature of the formation of a protective and stable oxide layer that depended on types of steels and oxygen concentrations [18,20]. The erosion-corrosion due to detachment of corroded areas was also reported in the loop test of liquid LBE [13,25].…”