Oxide Insertion Compounds

Tungsten–niobium oxide bronzes: a bulk and surface structural study

“…1 This mixture of oxidation states can be stabilized either by the incorporation of electropositive species (like alkaline-earth metals, or ammonium ions), generally inside of 5-8 membered channels of the structure (i.e. intercalation compounds) 3 or by the generation of structural defects (like in the case of block structures in niobium oxide system, 4,5 or Magneli phases in tungsten oxides 6,7 ).…”

Catalytic valorization of natural gas and biomass-derived feedstocks by metal oxides

“…Formally, they can be understood as intercalation compounds, in which A m+ cations are incorporated within the MOn oxide matrix [123,124]. This fact implies a partial reduction of M n+ cations in the pristine MOn oxide.…”