Oxide inclusions in laser additive manufactured stainless steel and their effects on impact toughness and stress corrosion cracking behavior

Lou, Xiaoyuan; Andresen, Peter L.; Rebak, Raúl B.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.11.036

Cited by 220 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…61,64,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] Several researchers have, often with little to no experimental support, reported that porosity may significantly impact the pitting characteristics of alloys produced by AM. 61,[73][74][75][76][77] However, a mechanistic description of how pores (particularly unconnected pores) may assist in pit initiation/propagation is yet to be clarified. Similarly, solute segregation driven by the formation of cellular structures has also been proposed to be detrimental toward pitting of alloys manufactured by AM.…”

Section: Corrosion-december 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review

et al. 2018

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Additive manufacturing (AM), often termed 3D printing, has recently emerged as a mainstream means of producing metallic components from a variety of metallic alloys. The numerous benefits of AM include net shape manufacturing, efficient use of material, suitability to low volume production runs, and the ability to explore alloy compositions not previously accessible to conventional casting. The process of AM, which is nominally performed using laser (or electron) based local melting, has a definitive role in the resultant alloy microstructure. Herein, the corrosion of alloys prepared by AM using laser and electronbased methods, relating the corrosion performance to the microstructural features influenced by AM processing, are reviewed. Such features include unique porosity, grain structures, dislocation networks, residual stress, solute segregation, and surface roughness. Correlations between reported results and deficiencies in present understanding are highlighted.

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Section: Corrosion-december 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of porosity was investigated by several researchers in the context of corrosion. 61,[73][74][75][76][77] Porosity has been reported to be a preferential pit initiation site if the porosity was >1%. 78…”

Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review

et al. 2018

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“…13) reveals that the inclusions are rich in silicon, manganese, chromium and oxygen. The presence of oxide inclusions rich in Si and Mn has also been reported in [65,76,77], whilst chromium oxide appeared in [78]. According to Simonelli et al [77], this is a consequence of the high oxidation potential of these elements (especially Si and Mn), as can be seen by the Ellingham diagram.…”

Section: Archimedes Method Hardness Test and Sem/eds Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

“…the heat conduction in the build direction is typically higher than in the build plane (unidirectional heat transfer and cooling) [1,5]. In addition, the existence of Si along the grain boundaries has also been reported in [65] and might be related to thermal segregation. For sample 2 (Fig.…”

Section: Multi-energy Synchrotron Ct and Dcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive quantitative characterisation of material phases in metal additive manufacturing using multi-energy synchrotron X-rays microtomography

Xavier

Yang

Comte

et al. 2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) has found emerging application in the aerospace, biomedical and defence industries. However, the lack of reproducibility and quality issues are regarded as the two main drawbacks to AM. Both of these aspects are affected by the distribution of defects (e.g. pores) in the AM part. Computed tomography (CT) allows the determination of defect sizes, shapes and locations, which are all important aspects for the mechanical properties of the final part. In this paper, data-constrained modelling (DCM) with multi-energy synchrotron X-rays is employed to characterise the distribution of defects in 316L stainless steel specimens manufactured with laser metal deposition (LMD). It is shown that DCM offers a more reliable method to the determination of defect levels when compared to traditional segmentation techniques through the calculation of multiple volume fractions inside a voxel, i.e. by providing sub-voxel information. The results indicate that the samples are dominated by a high number of small light constituents (including pores) that would not be detected under the voxel size in the majority of studies reported in the literature using conventional thresholding methods.

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“…Metallic and nonmetallic inclusions are life-limiting failure mechanisms in structural materials, and cause reduced impact toughness and corrosion resistance. 67,68 Such unwanted in-clusions, which are most likely due to impurity in the used powder AM system, can be detected by microCT. One example of this is shown in Figure 5, which is a microCT slice image of a compact tension LPBF Ti6Al4V specimen.…”

Section: Fig 2 X-ray and Ct Of Lpbf Ti6al4vmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the Current Technology and Applications

Plessis

Yadroitsev

Yadroitsava

et al. 2018

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing

382

147

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X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) has become an established method of testing and analyzing additively manufactured parts in recent years, being especially useful and accurate for dimensional measurement and porosity analysis. While this nondestructive analysis method is gaining traction among additive manufacturing (AM) researchers and engineers, the capabilities of the method are not yet fully appreciated and are still being developed. This review aims to summarize the many diverse ways this technique has been applied to AM, including new and specialized applications. Examples are shown of many of these newly developed methods, while also discussing the practicality and limitations of each. The review ends with perspectives on the most time-and cost-effective ways to make use of microCT for various AM applications from R&D up to industrial production, with suggestions for scan strategies for different types of analyses.

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Oxide inclusions in laser additive manufactured stainless steel and their effects on impact toughness and stress corrosion cracking behavior

Cited by 220 publications

References 51 publications

Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review

Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review

Nondestructive quantitative characterisation of material phases in metal additive manufacturing using multi-energy synchrotron X-rays microtomography

X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the Current Technology and Applications

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