Oxide Bioceramic Composites in Orthopedics and Dentistry

Abstract

Ceramic composites based on alumina and zirconia have found a wide field of application in the present century in orthopedic joint replacements, and their use in dentistry is spreading. The development of this class of bioceramic composites was started in the 1980s, but the first clinical applications of the total hip replacement joint were introduced in the market only in the early 2000s. Since then, several composite systems were introduced in joint replacements. These materials are classified as Zirconia-Toughened Alumina if alumina is the main component or as Alumina-Toughened Zirconia when zirconia is the main component. In addition, some of them may contain a third phase based on strontium exa-aluminate. The flexibility in device design due to the excellent mechanical behavior of this class of bioceramics results in a number of innovative devices for joint replacements in the hip, the knee, and the shoulder, as well in dental implants. This paper gives an overview of the different materials available and on orthopedic and dental devices made out of oxide bioceramic composites today on the market or under development.

Computational Contact Pressure Prediction of CoCrMo, SS 316L and Ti6Al4V Femoral Head against UHMWPE Acetabular Cup under Gait Cycle

“…In addition, polyethylene material is also a material that is relatively cheap and easy to produce compared to ceramic. Also, ceramics are brittle and sound squeaky, which is the rationale for not choosing this material [ 8 ].…”

Optimal Design of Ceramic Based Hip Implant Composites Using Hybrid AHP-MOORA Approach

“…In 1970, aluminium oxide was the first ceramic material utilised in complete hip arthroplasty [ 9 , 10 ]. However, aluminium oxide leads to catastrophic failure due to its brittle nature [ 11 ].…”

“…Ceramic-based hip implant composites are gaining popularity due to their superior properties of mechanical (elastic modulus hardness, fracture toughness), high wear and corrosion resistance, and excellent biochemical stability and biocompatibility [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. According to the literature, the hardness and strength of ceramic materials such as stabilized zirconium oxide reduced dramatically in water-containing conditions [ 19 ].…”

Polymerization Shrinkage, Hygroscopic Expansion, Elastic Modulus and Degree of Conversion of Different Composites for Dental Application

“…In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of new dental adhesives and composites for direct restorations. The main challenge of developing these materials is to provide an effective bond strength to the hard tissues, such as enamel and dentin, as well as lower or no polymerization shrinkage [1,2]. In addition, the mechanical and chemical properties of these materials have been improved along the years [1][2][3][4], positively affecting their clinical performance.…”

“…The main challenge of developing these materials is to provide an effective bond strength to the hard tissues, such as enamel and dentin, as well as lower or no polymerization shrinkage [1,2]. In addition, the mechanical and chemical properties of these materials have been improved along the years [1][2][3][4], positively affecting their clinical performance. The aesthetic restorative technique has also been improved, which increases the longevity of the resin-based restorations, especially for posterior teeth [4][5][6].…”