Oxidatively damaged guanosine in white blood cells and in urine of welders: associations with exposure to welding fumes and body iron stores

Pesch, Beate; Lotz, Anne; Koch, Holger M.; Marczyński, Boleslaw; Casjens, Swaantje; Käfferlein, Heiko U.; Welge, Peter; Lehnert, Martin; Heinze, Evelyn; Gelder, Rainer Van; Hahn, Jens‐Uwe; Behrens, Thomas; Raulf, Monika; Hartwig, Andrea; Weiß, Tobias; Brüning, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1319-2

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Consistent with our study, Nuernberg et al (2008) reported a significant increase in urinary 8-OHdG after 6 h of exposure to welding fumes in welders who worked as boilermakers ( n = 41). Similar results were obtained in the studies with 20 volunteers from local welding apprentice schools in Switzerland (Graczyk et al, 2016) and 238 welders in Germany (Pesch et al, 2015). Also, 8-OHdG levels were found to be higher in animals exposed to welding fumes (Krishnaraj et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Oxidative stress status of Turkish welders

et al. 2020

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Welding, a fabrication process that joins metals or thermoplastics by causing coalescence, is indispensable in modern society and ubiquitous in industry. Welding generates fumes that contain several metals and gases that comprise fine and ultrafine particles with the potential for adverse effects. Although health risks of welders have been evaluated in different populations, occupational exposure to welding fumes is still considered to be an important health problem, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of welding fume exposure on important oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), total glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in Turkish welders ( n = 48). The influence of confounding factors such as age, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and duration of exposure on the studied parameters was also analyzed. In our study, significant decreases in the levels of GSH and activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx and significant increases of MDA, 8-OHdG levels and GR activity were found in the workers compared to the controls. There was a negative correlation between GSH levels and alcohol usage. Also, older workers (≥35 years) had significantly higher GR levels than younger workers. But smoking and alcohol usage, duration of exposure, and utilization of protective measures had no significant effect on the studied parameters in the workers. These results indicate that occupational exposure to welding fumes appears to induce oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Oxidative stress status of Turkish welders

et al. 2020

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“…H 2 O 2 can also diffuse rapidly and readily between and within cells, which enhances the cascade of systemic oxidant response [ 4 , 25 ]. In regards to the significant increase witnessed for 8-OHdG, welding fume PM metal components are known to promote the oxidation of nucleobases and the intracellular nucleotide pool [ 33 , 52 ]. The mechanism by which the metal component of welding fumes can cause oxidative stress may act not only by directly producing radicals but also through signalling pathways, such as via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-kB, to generate pro-inflammatory mediators that results in a state of inflammation [ 15 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in oxidative stress levels following welding fume inhalation: a controlled human exposure study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundTungsten inert gas (TIG) welding represents one of the most widely used metal joining processes in industry. It has been shown to generate a large majority of particles at the nanoscale and to have low mass emission rates when compared to other types of welding. Despite evidence that TIG fume particles may produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), limited data is available for the time course changes of particle-associated oxidative stress in exposed TIG welders.MethodsTwenty non-smoking male welding apprentices were exposed to TIG welding fumes for 60 min under controlled, well-ventilated settings. Exhaled breathe condensate (EBC), blood and urine were collected before exposure, immediately after exposure, 1 h and 3 h post exposure. Volunteers participated in a control day to account for oxidative stress fluctuations due to circadian rhythm. Biological liquids were assessed for total reducing capacity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations at each time point. A linear mixed model was used to assess within day and between day differences.ResultsSignificant increases in the measured biomarkers were found at 3 h post exposure. At 3 h post exposure, we found a 24 % increase in plasma-H2O2 concentrations ([95%CI: 4 % to 46 %], p = 0.01); a 91 % increase in urinary-H2O2 ([2 % to 258 %], p = 0.04); a 14 % increase in plasma-8-OHdG ([0 % to 31 %], p = 0.049); and a 45 % increase in urinary-8-OHdG ([3 % to 105 %], p = 0.03). Doubling particle number concentration (PNC) exposure was associated with a 22 % increase of plasma-8-OHdG at 3 h post exposure (p = 0.01).ConclusionA 60-min exposure to TIG welding fume in a controlled, well-ventilated setting induced acute oxidative stress at 3 h post exposure in healthy, non-smoking apprentice welders not chronically exposed to welding fumes. As mass concentration of TIG welding fume particles is very low when compared to other types of welding, it is recommended that additional exposure metrics such as PNC are considered for occupational risk assessments. Our findings highlight the importance of increasing awareness of TIG welding fume toxicity, especially given the realities of welding workplaces that may lack ventilation; and beliefs among interviewed welders that TIG represents a cleaner and safer welding process.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0143-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Urinary Cr, Ni, and Cd levels were positively correlated with the 8-OHdG concentration. The geometric mean 8-OHdG concentration (5.02 μg/g creatinine) in welders in this study was higher than that in gas metal arc welders working with stainless steel, flux-cored arc welders working with mild steel, tungsten inert gas welders, and welders wearing a powered air-purifying respirator in an earlier study (median = 3.79–4.41 μg/g creatinine) [29], as well as welders in another study (median = 3.97 μg/L) [30]. Compared with other occupational metal exposure, the median urinary 8-OHdG concentration was considerably higher in workers exposed to hexavalent Cr electroplating (median = 13.65 μg/g creatinine) than in welders in our study [31]; in another study involving workers exposed to hexavalent Cr electroplating, the urinary 8-OHdG concentration was higher than that in our study (mean = 20.73 μg/L) [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure on Shipyard Welders: A Cautionary Note for 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine

Pan

Hsu

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diseases induced by welding fumes. To our knowledge, little information is available on the relationship between multiple heavy metal exposure and oxidative stress in welders. We assessed the relationship between multiple heavy metal exposure and oxidative damage by analyzing 174 nonsmoking male welders in a shipyard. Urinary metals were used as the internal dose of exposure to metals in welding fumes, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as an oxidative DNA damage marker. The relationship between workers’ metal levels and 8-OHdG was estimated using a multiple linear regression model. The geometric mean levels of urinary chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were considerably higher in welders than in controls. Urinary Cr and Ni were determined as effective predictors of urinary 8-OHdG levels after adjusting for covariates. Oxidative DNA damage was associated with both Cr and Ni of welding fume exposure in shipyard welders (Ln Cr: β = 0.33, 95%C.I. = 0.16–0.49; Ln Ni: β = 0.27, 95%C.I. = 0.12–0.43). In this study, we investigated the significantly positive relationship between urinary metals (especially Cr and Ni) and 8-OHdG in nonsmoking shipyard welders. Moreover, the use of particulate respirators did not reduce metal exposure and oxidative damage. Therefore, we infer that hazard identification for welders should be conducted.

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Oxidatively damaged guanosine in white blood cells and in urine of welders: associations with exposure to welding fumes and body iron stores

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Oxidative stress status of Turkish welders

Oxidative stress status of Turkish welders

Increase in oxidative stress levels following welding fume inhalation: a controlled human exposure study

Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure on Shipyard Welders: A Cautionary Note for 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine

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