Oxidative Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Adsorbed on Coal Fly Ash

Korfmacher, Walter A.; Natusch, D. F. S.; Taylor, David; Mamantov, G.; Wehry, Ε. L.

doi:10.1126/science.7352284

Cited by 98 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the troposphere, direct photolysis of PAHs associated with solid surfaces is a potentially important process. 1,230,231 The chemistry of direct photolytic PAH decomposition has been discussed elsewhere for PAHs associated with organic aerosols, [232][233][234][235][236][237][238] inorganic substrates [239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248] and the air-ice interface. 249,250 Therefore, photolysis of surface-bound PAH will not be covered in this review.…”

Section: 2142mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review

2013

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of considerable concern due to their well-recognised toxicity and especially due to the carcinogenic hazard which they present. PAHs are semi-volatile and therefore partition between vapour and condensed phases in the atmosphere and both the vapour and particulate forms undergo chemical reactions. This article briefly reviews the current understanding of vapour-particle partitioning of PAHs and the PAH deposition processes, and in greater detail, their chemical reactions. PAHs are reactive towards a number of atmospheric oxidants, most notably the hydroxyl radical, ozone, the nitrate radical (NO3) and nitrogen dioxide. Rate coefficient data are reviewed for reactions of lower molecular weight PAH vapour with these species as well as for heterogeneous reactions of higher molecular weight compounds. Whereas the data for reactions of the 2-3-ring PAH vapour are quite extensive and generally consistent, such data are mostly lacking for the 4-ring PAHs and the heterogeneous rate data (5 and more rings), which are dependent on the substrate type and reaction conditions, are less comprehensive. The atmospheric reactions of PAH lead to the formation of oxy and nitro derivatives, reviewed here, too. Finally, the capacity of PAHs for long range transport and the results of numerical model studies are described. Research needs are identified.

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Section: 2142mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review

2013

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be photooxidized in both simulated and ambient atmospheres when either pure PAH, synthetic mixtures or ambient POM are irradiated with actinic UV light. Additionally, certain PAH such as BaP can be readily oxidized by exposure to ambient levels of ozone in simulated and real atmospheres; others are far less reactive (24,26,74,75,(126)(127)(128)(129).…”

Section: Formation and Fate Of Mutagens In Pom: Nitroarenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and fate of gaseous and particulate mutagens and carcinogens in real and simulated atmospheres.

Pitts¹

1983

Environ Health Perspect

179

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The growing use of coal for heating and electric power generation and diesel engines in light duty motor vehicles will increase not only the existing atmospheric concentrations of criteria pollutants such as NO2, SO2, O3 and fine particulates, but also the concentrations of a number of highly reactive gaseous copollutants such as HONO, HONO2, PAN and the nitrate radical, NO3. These gaseous noncriteria pollutants are of interest not only because of their roles in the chemistry of the "clean" and polluted troposphere, including "acid rain," but also because they may pose health risks disproportionate to their relatively low ambient concentrations, and through complex heterogeneous reactions, they may serve as precursors or catalysts in the formation of "nonclassical" particulate mutagens and carcinogens such as certain nitroarenes associated with combustion generated particulate polycyclic organic matter (POM). Results of research efforts to establish current ambient levels of these noncriteria pollutants and to develop an understanding of their sources, formation and sinks are reported here. First, long pathlength (greater than or equal to 1 km) infrared and UV-visible spectroscopic studies of ambient levels of gaseous HONO, NO3, HONO2, PAN, HCHO and HCOOH in southern California atmospheres are described, and data given on their ambient concentrations. Second, an integrated chemical/microbiological investigation is described. It is directed toward identifying the nature of direct-acting mutagens found in extracts of diesel and ambient POM, as well as those formed upon exposure of environmentally relevant PAH to simulated natural and polluted atmospheres. The identification of certain of these mutagens, including a newly identified class of mutagenic PAH-lactones is discussed, along with the mechanisms of their formation and fate in the natural and polluted troposphere.

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“…Fluorenone (C 13 H 8 O) has also previously been reported in coal tar (Benhabib et al 2010) and could be produced during the pyrolysis process, however, it can also be produced during the metabolism of fluorene (Grifoll et al 1992) and fluoranthene (Kelley et al 1993) so it is possible it may have been produced, or a portion of it produced, during microbial degradation of the tar. Fluorenone can also be produced by the oxidation of fluorene (Korfmacher et al 1980). Eriksson et al 2000 Wischmann and Steinhart.…”

Section: Heterocyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive composition of Creosote using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS)

Gallacher

Thomas²,

Taylor

et al. 2017

Chemosphere

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Creosote is a distillation product of coal tar and is widely used as wood preservative for railway sleepers, utility poles and for other applications. Creosote can have potentially negative effects on the environment and many of the components are toxic. This study presents the analysis of a Creosote sample from a former wood impregnation plant located in the UK. The sample was analysed using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) and a database of compounds that could be detected was produced. The GCxGG-TOFMS was capable of detecting 1505 individual compounds, which is far more than previous estimates for the number of compounds present within Creosote. Post extraction derivatization using BTSFA with 1% TMCS was employed to increase the potential number of compounds detected with 255 derivatized compounds detected, 231 of which would not have been detected without prior derivatization. Selected derivatized compounds were quantified with limits of detection ranging from 0.6 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg from a concentrated dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). This work presents the first published full analysis of a Creosote using GCxGC-TOFMS combined with derivatization.

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Oxidative Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Adsorbed on Coal Fly Ash

Cited by 98 publications

References 10 publications

Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review

Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review

Formation and fate of gaseous and particulate mutagens and carcinogens in real and simulated atmospheres.

Comprehensive composition of Creosote using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS)

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