Oxidative stress response in two representative bacteria exposed to atrazine

Abstract

Bacteria are present extensively in the environment. Investigation of their antioxidant properties will be useful for further study on atrazine stress tolerance of bacteria and the defense mechanism of antioxidant enzymes against atrazine or other triazine herbicides. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) from one Gram-negative representative strain Escherichia coli K12 and one Gram-positive representative strain Bacillus subtilis B19, respectively, were tested for response to atrazine stress. The results indicated that SOD, CAT, GST and T-AOC were induced upon exposure to atrazine. The growth of two bacteria was better in the absence than in the presence of atrazine, indicating that atrazine can decrease bacterial growth. The changes of enzyme activities indicate the presence of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by atrazine may be due to imbalance of redox potential in bacterial cells, which leads to bacterial metabolic disorder.

Flavodoxin overexpression confers tolerance to oxidative stress in beneficial soil bacteria and improves survival in the presence of the herbicides paraquat and atrazine

“…Atrazine induces SOD, catalase and glutathione transferase enzymatic activity in E. coli and other bacteria, and it may induce oxidative stress by causing a redox potential imbalance in bacterial cells that deregulates bacterial metabolism (Zhang et al . ,b). While it remains unknown how Anabaena Fld expression in bacteria confers tolerance to high concentrations of atrazine, the underlying mechanism may be similar to that proposed above for hydrogen peroxide and paraquat‐induced stress.…”

“…; Zhang et al . ,b). Furthermore, many pesticide residues and other organic contaminants are chaotropic and/or hydrophobic substances that induce chaotropicity‐mediated water stress, and secondarily oxidative stress, in microbial cells (Hallsworth et al .…”

Redox imbalance caused by pesticides: a review of OPENTOX-related research

“…Increased lipid peroxidation (plasma) 63) reported enhanced lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in male Wistar rats exposed to atrazine. Oxidative stress induced by atrazine was also detected in two bacterial strains (64) and adult female zebrafish (65). In addition, atrazine was found to induce apoptosis in PC12 cells by altering the expression of p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 (66) and to cause apoptosis-related neurodegenerative damage in the nerve cells (61).…”

Oxidative injury induced by cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in A549 cells and rat lungs

“…And also, a certain evidences confirmed that NPs can damage cells including oxidative stress elicited by ROS (Winnik & Maysinger, 2013). To explore whether oxidative injury would induced by CdS NPs in the respiratory system, we have assessed the changes of several oxidative damage-related indices, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS (Yu et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012) induced by CdS NPs in the pulmonary epithelial cell line A549 and rat lung tissues. Additionally, we compared the effect of different CdS NP lengths and discuss the possible mechanisms of action.…”