Oxidative Stress-Related Semen Quality and Fertility in the Male Arabian Yellowfin Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) Fed a Selenium Nanoparticle-Supplemented Plant Protein-Rich Diet

Abstract

A three-month research was conducted to evaluate the influence of supplementing a plant protein- (PP-) rich diet (60% of fish meal (FM) was replaced with a mixture of alternative PP sources) with selenium nanoparticles (Se-N) on sperm kinetics, fertilization capacity, and antioxidative responses in Arabian yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) males. In this point, graded levels of Se-N at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg were added to the PP-rich diet. Also, a FM-based diet was used as a positive control. Two hundred and eighty-eight brooders (males: 195.3 ± 10.8 g and females: 237.5 ± 8.1 g; mean ± standard error ) were randomly distributed into eighteen 10 m3 rectangular concrete tanks (8 males: 8 females in each tank), and every three tanks were fed with one of the experimental feeds for three months. The seawater temperature and salinity were 18-22°C and 40-41‰, respectively, during the husbandry period. Selenium retention increased in the liver, testes, and semen of males with increasing dietary Se-N level ( P < 0.05 ). Sperm density in fish fed with 2 mg Se-N/kg PP-rich diet ( 42.1 × 10 9 / mL ) was higher than those fed control, 0, 0.5, and 1 mg Se-N/kg PP-rich diets. The percentages of sperm motility in 60 s and 300 s after activation, sperms with straight movement, the longevity of sperm motility, and fertilization rate increased with increasing Se-N level in the PP-rich diets ( P < 0.05 ). The highest and lowest semen superoxide dismutase activities were in fish fed 4 and 2 mg Se-N/kg PP-rich diets, respectively. The highest glutathione peroxidase activity in semen was in fish fed 4 mg Se-N/kg PP-rich diet, and the lowest values were in fish fed 0 and 0.5 mg Se-N/kg PP-rich diets. Total antioxidant capacity values in semen of fish fed 1 and 4 mg Se-N/kg PP-rich diets were higher than the other treatments. Fish fed with PP-rich diet without any Se-N supplementation had higher malondialdehyde level in the semen compared to the other groups. Results showed that supplementing PP-rich diet with 2-4 mg Se-N/kg can improve sperm kinetics and enhance fertility potential in A. arabicus males.

Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Growth and Health Indices in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Juveniles Reared in High Saline Water

“…Selenomethionine, as the central part of organic Se, is retained as selenoprotein and plays a role in protein synthesis and cellular growth [ 6 , 53 ]. In addition, Se is an integral part of the deiodinase enzyme that bioconverts thyroxin to triiodothyronine and profoundly affects the synthesis and release of growth hormones [ 2 ]. Moreover, Se, as the central part of GPx, provides high antioxidant capacity and protects cell membranes against reactive oxygen species and consequently can improve growth rate in farmed aquatic species [ 9 ].…”

“…A basal diet was supplemented with five levels of SeNP, including 0 (Control), 0.5 mg kg −1 (SeNP0.5), 1 mg kg −1 (SeNP1), 2 mg kg −1 (SeNP2), and 4 mg kg −1 (SeNP4) ( Table 1 ) according to Khademzadeh et al [ 2 ]. The selected dosages of the SeNP were based on previous studies in other fish species and Asian sea bass [ 8 , 9 , 25 , 26 ].…”

“…By lowering the levels of hydrogen and lipid peroxides in various cells, these enzymes improve resistance to oxidative damage. The dietary selenium is determined by the activity of these enzymes in the liver or plasma [ 2 , 6 ]. However, there is a minimum gap between dietary Se requirement and toxicity [ 7 ].…”

A review of the quantitative real-time PCR and Omics approaches applied to study the effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) on fish

“…Working on the same species, Khademzade et al. [66] demonstrated that including nano-Se at 2–4 mg/Kg in plant-protein diets improved sperm kinetics and enhanced fertility potential in male broodfish. These results indicate that nano-Se is an efficient source of Se for improving the reproductive performance in male and female broodfish.…”

A screening for optimal selenium enrichment additives for selenium-enriched fish production: Application of a HPLC-ICP-MS method

“…Similar results have been reported in common carp and crucian carp, with optimal addition concentrations of 0.7 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively ( Saffari et al, 2017 , Zhou et al, 2009 ). Furthermore, SeNPs improve sperm motility and exhibit an antagonistic effect against heavy metals in fish ( Khademzade et al, 2022 , Saad et al, 2022 , Yin et al, 2021 ). Therefore, this study aims to select the most suitable selenium feed additives for fish from SeNPs, selenite, and SeMet.…”