Oxidative Stress Related Diseases in Newborns

Abstract

We review oxidative stress-related newborn disease and the mechanism of oxidative damage. In addition, we outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and future directions. Many reports have defined oxidative stress as an imbalance between an enhanced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and the lack of protective ability of antioxidants. From that point of view, free radical-induced damage caused by oxidative stress seems to be a probable contributing factor to the pathogenesis of many newborn diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, and retinopathy of prematurity. We share the hope that the new understanding of the concept of oxidative stress and its relation to newborn diseases that has been made possible by new diagnostic techniques will throw light on the treatment of those diseases.

Role of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hyperoxic lung injuries

“…However, it is now generally acknowledged that multiple additive or synergistic factors concur to the etiology of BPD and to the severity of the disease with the occurrence of pre-and postnatal causes. Although the strongest cause still remains preterm delivery, other aspects such as fetal infection and inflammation, mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, impaired infant antioxidant activity, heart diseases, surfactant dysfunctions, patent ductus arteriosus, and postnatal infection all concur to the onset of BPD ( Figure 1) [38]. Indeed, airway inflammation is a key component of chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, BPD, and asthma [39].…”

High‐Dose Human Milk Feedings Decrease Oxidative Stress in Premature Infant

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Oxidative stress has also been associated with increased risks for serious prematurity-associated morbidities, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and neurodevelopmental problems. 8,9 Thus, a priority in improving outcomes in premature infants is to identify practices that prevent and/or mitigate oxidative stress.…”

Selected oxidative stress biomarkers in antenatal diagnosis as 11–14 gestational weeks

“…Preliminary research in several centres demonstrated the effect of these processes on embryonic and foetal development. Their effect on organogenesis cannot be excluded [1,2].…”