Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in autism: Systematic review and meta-analyses

Frustaci, Alessandra; Neri, Monica; Cesario, Alfredo; Adams, James B.; Domenici, Enrico; Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla; Bonassi, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.011

Cited by 303 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…We hypothesized that autism may be induced by a combination of inadequate dietary sulfur and insufficient sun exposure to the skin, for both the mother and the child. A meta-study involving oxidative-stress related biomarkers present in association with autism identified a consistent deficiency in reduced glutathione [17], an important sulfur-based antioxidant that also plays a role in detoxifying aluminum. We proposed that cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid involved in the synthesis of glutathione [18], is depleted through redirection into an alternative pathway to produce sulfate, due to the impaired sulfate synthesis from thiosulfate in the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, associated with compromised immune function. The incidence is alarmingly on the rise, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. This paper investigates word frequency patterns in the U.S. CDC Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. Our results provide strong evidence supporting a link between autism and the aluminum in vaccines. A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. Mentions of autism in VAERS increased steadily at the end of the last century, during a period when mercury was being phased out, while aluminum adjuvant burden was being increased. Using standard log-likelihood ratio techniques, we identify several signs and symptoms that are significantly more prevalent in vaccine reports after 2000, including cellulitis, seizure, depression, fatigue, pain and death, which are also significantly associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. We propose that children with the autism diagnosis are especially vulnerable to toxic metals such as aluminum and mercury due to insufficient serum sulfate and glutathione. A strong correlation between autism and the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is also observed, which may be partially explained via an increased sensitivity to acetaminophen administered to control fever.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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“…Furthermore, the high content of vitamin C in CM gives it a string antioxidant property (33). Recent reports have demonstrated higher oxidative stress status in ASD subjects compared to normally developing controls (34)(35)(36), which makes CM an ideal antioxidant food for ASD subjects. In addition, those unique properties of CM most probably reduced TARC synthesis and secretion, and consequently, reducing the neuroimflammation and the autoimmune reaction, leading to improved behavior, reflected on improved CARS scoring results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of camel milk on thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in autistic children: double-blind study

Bashir

Al-Ayadhi

2013

Pediatr Res

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of the effectiveness of camel milk (CM) (raw and boiled) on thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) serum levels and childhood autism rating scale (CARS) score in subjects with autism and compared to placebo group (cow milk). Methods: Forty-five subjects diagnosed with autism were randomly assigned to receive boiled CM for group I (n = 15), raw CM for group II (n = 15), and placebo for group III (n = 15) for 2 wk. Measures included changes in professionally completed CARS score and blood samples for TARC serum level were taken before and after milk consumption of 500 ml per day in children's regular daily diet. results: The serum levels of TARC decreased significantly (P = 0.004) in boiled CM and in raw CM group (P = 0.01) too, but no effect was observed (P = 0.68) in placebo group. Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in CARS score (P = 0.04) in raw CM group only. There were no significant relationships between the serum of TARC level and the CARS score, age, or gender for any group. conclusion: CM administered for 2 wk significantly improved clinical measurements of autism severity and decreased serum level of TARC in autistic children, but subsequent studies are recommended.

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“…In a separate study, another oxidative stress marker, lipid hydroperoxide, was significantly elevated in the cerebellum and temporal cortex during ASD [184]. In 2012, using meta-analysis method, Frustaci et al [185] reported that for the C677T allele in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, homozygous mutant subjects (TT) showed a meta-OR of 2.26 (95% confidence interval 1.30-3.91) of being affected by ASD with respect to the homozygous non mutant (CC). Additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in other genes encoding enzymes involved in oxidative stress, such as, have also been associated with a change in ASD risk from several case-control and linkage studies [186][187][188][189][190].…”

Section: Genes Involved In Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 95%

The complex genetics in autism spectrum disorders

Hua

Wei

Zhang

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a pervasive neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in social interaction and nonverbal communication, as well as restricted interests and stereotypical behavior. Genetic changes/heritability is one of the major contributing factors, and hundreds to thousands of causative and susceptible genes, copy number variants (CNVs), linkage regions, and microRNAs have been associated with ASD which clearly indicates that ASD is a complex genetic disorder. Here, we will briefly summarize some of the high-confidence genetic changes in ASD and their possible roles in their pathogenesis.autism spectrum disorders, genetics, causative genes, copy number variants Citation:Hua R, Wei MP, Zhang C. The complex genetics in autism spectrum disorders. Sci China Life Sci, 2015, 58: 933 -945,

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Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in autism: Systematic review and meta-analyses

Cited by 303 publications

References 86 publications

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Effect of camel milk on thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in autistic children: double-blind study

The complex genetics in autism spectrum disorders

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