Oxidative Stress, Redox Regulation and Elite Controllers of HIV Infection: Towards a Functional Cure

Okechukwu, Ibeh Bartholomew

doi:10.5772/60806

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 110 publications

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“…Previous studies suggest a relationship between CD8+ T cells and the control of chronic HIV replication similar to that of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) viremia in non-human primates [17]. There are also rare individuals who control HIV-1 replication to levels which the virus cannot be detected also known as elite controllers with attendant characteristics [18]. This phenotype shows a strong association with certain MHC class I alleles with HIV-specific CD8+ T cells demonstrating superior cytotoxic capacity to kill any HIV-infected target.…”

Section: In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Animal Models of HIV/AIDS for Vaccine Trials

Ibeh¹,

Ashano²

2018

Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases - An Effective Therapeutic Strategy

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AIDS still persists as a relevant disease in public health and scientific research. There have been significant advances in HIV research, notably the development of an effective regimen in antiretroviral therapy. However, the emergence of drug resistance has facilitated continued research in administration of therapy and the development of new antiretroviral drugs. In spite of nearly three (3) decades of intensive research, there still is not an effective vaccine against HIV-1. Animal models have been a crucial tool in drug discovery process for invasive investigation of HIV disease mainly in preclinical evaluation of drugs and vaccines. This undoubtedly is an integral part of successes so far achieved in HIV/AIDS research. Advances in both non-human primate and murine model immunogenetics in response to recombinant viruses have greatly increased the options of animal models available for research. Understanding the pros and cons of these models is imperative for animal study design that could further the development of vaccines and antiretroviral therapies for HIV prevention and treatment of AIDS patients.

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Section: In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Animal Models of HIV/AIDS for Vaccine Trials

Ibeh¹,

Ashano²

2018

Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases - An Effective Therapeutic Strategy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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HIV/HAART-associated oxidative stress is detectable by metabonomics

2017

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Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, separately and in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is closely associated with oxidative stress (OS). Most studies demonstrating redox imbalances in HIV-infected individuals have done so using conventional biochemical methodologies. The limited simultaneous detection of multiple OS markers within one sample is a major drawback of these methodologies and can be addressed through the use of metabonomics. HIV-metabonomic studies utilizing biofluids from HAART cohorts as the investigative source, are on the increase. Data from many of these studies identified metabolic markers indicative of HIV-induced OS, usually as an outcome of an untargeted metabonomics study. Untargeted studies cast a wide net for any and all detectable metabolites in complex mixtures. Given the prevalence of OS during HIV infection and antiviral treatment, it is perhaps not surprising that indicators of this malady would become evident during metabolite identification. At times, targeted studies for specific (non-OS) metabolites would also yield OS markers as an outcome. This review examines the findings of these studies by first providing the necessary background information on OS and the main ways in which free radicals/reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during OS, cause biomolecular damage. This is followed by information on the biomarkers which come about as a result of free radical damage and the techniques used for assaying these stress indicators. The established links between elevated ROS and lowered antioxidants during HIV infection and the subsequent use of HAART is then presented followed by a review of the OS markers detected in HIV metabonomic studies to date. We identify gaps in HIV/HAART-associated OS research and finally suggest how these research gaps can be addressed through metabonomic analysis, specifically targeting the multiple markers of HIV-induced OS.

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