Oxidative stress parameters and anti-apoptotic response to hydroxyl radicals in fish erythrocytes: Protective effects of glutamine, alanine, citrulline and proline

Li, Huatao; Feng, Lin; Jiang, Wei‐Dan; Liu, Yang; Jiang, Jun; Li, Shuhong; Zhou, Xiao‐Qiu

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.005

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Thus, we researched the pathway of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. In previous study, the incubation with 40 μM FeSO 4 /20 μM H 2 O 2 at 37°C induced apoptosis in carp erythrocytes [30]. In the present study, the apoptosis was induced by the same condition in carp erythrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Erythrocyte treatments were based on the method described by Li et al [30] with slight modifications. Alanine, Cit and Pro were combined in the molar ratio 10:4:1 (Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 ) for investigating their mixture effects on apoptosis.…”

Section: Erythrocyte Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pathways of apoptosis still remains unknown in fish erythrocytes. Our previous study indicated that Ala, Cit and Pro inhibit the • OH-induced apoptosis in fish erythrocytes [30]. Nevertheless, the information regarding the effects of Ala, Cit and Pro on the mechanisms of apoptosis is scarce in fish erythrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In our previous studies, hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) induced apoptosis in fish erythrocytes [29], which provides a good experimental model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish cells [30]. Fish erythrocytes could be used as the model in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes or nucleated cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish erythrocytes could be used as the model in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes or nucleated cells. As the mammal erythrocytes, fish erythrocytes contain the high Hb concentrations in the cytoplasm, which can continuously produce ROS, and the high PUFAs content in the membrane, which is very sensitive to ROS [30][31][32]. ROS can induce the influx of Ca 2 þ that activates scramblase with subsequent phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization at the cell surface (a biomarker of apoptosis) in mammal erythrocytes [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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a b s t r a c tThe present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ( • OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca 2 þ -free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO 4 /20 μM H 2 O 2 . The results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and Ca 2 þ was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in • OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the results suggested that caspases were involved in PS exposure, and Ca 2 þ was involved in DNA fragmentation in • OH-induced fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes, one is the caspase and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis that is similar to that in mammal nucleated cells, the other is the Ca 2 þ -involved apoptosis that was similar to that in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes. So, fish erythrocytes may be used as a model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammal cells. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln)'s metabolites [alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 )] on the pathways of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. The results displayed that Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 effectively suppressed ROS generation, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the physiological concentrations, prevented Ca 2 þ influx, calpain activation, PS exposure, DNA fragmentation and the degradation of the cytoskeleton and oxidation of membrane and hemoglobin (Hb) and increased activity of anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in • OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 produced a synergistic effect of inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that Ala, Cit, Pro and their combination can protect mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The studies supported the use of Gln, Ala, Cit and Pro as oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors in mammal cells and the hypothesis that the inhibited effects of Gln on oxidative stress and apoptosis are at least partly dependent on that of its metabolites in mammalian.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Erythrocyte Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%