Oxidative Stress Markers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Systematic Review

Abstract

Precise diagnostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still missing. We conducted a comprehensive overview of oxidative stress markers (OSMs) as potential diagnostic, differential, progression, and prognostic markers in IBD. A Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus search of original articles on OSMs in IBD, published between January 2000 and April 2020, was conducted. Out of 874 articles, 79 eligible studies were identified and used to prepare the interpretative synthesis. Antioxidants followed by lipid peroxidation markers were the most popular and markers of oxidative DNA damage the least popular. There was a disparity in the number of retrieved papers evaluating biomarkers in the adult and pediatric population (n = 6). Of the reviewed OSMs, a promising performance has been reported for serum total antioxidant status as a mucosal healing marker, mucosal 8-OHdG as a progression marker, and for multi-analyte panels of lipid peroxidation products assessed non-invasively in breath as diagnostic and differential markers in the pediatric population. Bilirubin, in turn, was the only validated marker. There is a desperate need for non-invasive biomarkers in IBD which, however, will not be met in the near future by oxidative stress markers as they are promising but mostly at the early research phase of discovery.

Oxidative Stress Does Not Influence Subjective Pain Sensation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

“…OS leads to the damage of the GI’s mucosal layer, which in turn stimulates immune response [ 4 ]. The imbalance between antioxidant systems and overproduction of ROS, generated mostly by phagocytic immune cells that infiltrate the mucosal tissue [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], disrupts cellular homeostasis, as it leads to cell malfunction and injury due to lipid, protein, carbohydrate and nucleic acid damage, thus accelerating and aggravating the inflammation [ 2 , 5 ]. OS, together with the following perpetuation of inflammatory reaction caused by overabundance of ROS, have been proposed as mechanisms involved in the onset, progression, and symptomatology of IBD.…”

“…OS, together with the following perpetuation of inflammatory reaction caused by overabundance of ROS, have been proposed as mechanisms involved in the onset, progression, and symptomatology of IBD. Antioxidant production is the first-line defense against ROS, however in a state of continuous OS those resources are diminished and IBD patients show reduced activity of main antioxidant systems and decreased detoxification [ 2 , 5 ].…”

“…On the other hand, multiple enzymes, such as cyclooxygenases (COX) participate in endogenous production of ROS; in line, COX-1 and COX-2 are up-regulated in human ulcers, while COX-2 is strictly connected to precancerous changes in inflamed colonic mucosa [ 4 ]. Lipid peroxidation, the oxidative damage of membrane lipids, unless disrupted by antioxidants at initiation, spreads quickly in a self-perpetuating, unstoppable chain reaction that intensifies the oxidative destruction [ 5 , 6 ]. The marker of this process is Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) level [ 12 ].…”

Baitouweng Decoction Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Ulcerative Colitis Through Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Activation and HMGB1 Downregulation

“…TNF-α can not only ght tumors but also release in ammatory mediators and promote the necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells [14]. In addition, neutrophils produce excessive reactive oxygen species in patients with UC and subsequently attack and destroy key macromolecules, disrupt intracellular homeostasis, and cause oxidative damage in tissues, thus accelerating and prolonging in ammatory response [15]. The present study found that SOD activity decreased and MDA concentration increased in the DSS-treated group.…”

Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease and the Interconnection with Immunological Response, Microbiota, External Environmental Factors, and Epigenetics

“…The oxidative damage of these macromolecules and the effects of pro-oxidants and antioxidants were studied over the past two decades as potential diagnostic, progression, and prognostic markers in CD, including in a recent systematic review on IBD and CD biomarkers by Krzystek-Korpacka [ 37 ]. Although a number of these markers show promise, they are mostly at the early research phase of discovery.…”