Oxidative Stress Is Progressively Enhanced With Advancing Stages of CKD

Dounousi, Evangelia; Papavasiliou, Eleni C.; Makedou, Areti; Ioannou, Kyriakos; Katopodis, Konstantinos P.; Tselepis, Alexandros D.; Siamopoulos, Kostas C.; Tsakiris, Dimitrios

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.08.015

Cited by 361 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These findings appear to be in contrast to those obtained in human patients with moderate‐to‐severe CKD, in whom plasma F 2 ‐isoprostanes were significantly increased in many studies 1, 7, 10, 11, 12. Urinary and plasma F 2 ‐isoprostanes have been considered to be equivalent markers of chronic (but not acute) oxidative stress,15 but our different findings in cats with CKD could be because of sampling urine rather than plasma.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Potential sources of renal oxidative stress include tubulointerstitial inflammation, systemic hypertension, and depletion or dysregulation of antioxidant pathways 5, 6, 7, 8. Various plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, including F 2 ‐isoprostanes, have been shown to correlate with the stages of progressive CKD and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12. F 2 ‐isoprostanes are formed in vivo by nonenzymatic, free radical‐catalyzed lipid peroxidation of arachidonic acid and are an established biomarker for oxidative injury in human patients across many disease states 13.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urinary F₂‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

Whitehouse

Quimby

Wan

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundF2‐isoprostanes, a biomarker of oxidant injury, increase with advancing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. In cats, the relationship between CKD and oxidative stress is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo determine whether cats with advancing CKD have increasing urinary F2‐isoprostanes.AnimalsControl cats without evidence of CKD (≥6 years old; n = 11), and cats with IRIS stage 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 38), 3 (n = 21), and 4 (n = 10) CKD.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. Urinary F2‐isoprostanes (specifically free 15‐F2t‐isoprostanes) normalized to urine creatinine (IsoPs) were compared among groups and tested for correlations with blood pressure, proteinuria, serum creatinine concentration, and urine specific gravity. The IsoPs also were compared between cats with and without hypertension or proteinuria, and in cats fed predominantly standard versus renal diets.ResultsUrinary IsoPs were increased, but not significantly, in cats with stage 1 CKD (median 263 pg/mg creatinine; range, 211–380) compared to controls (182 pg/mg; range, 80–348) and decreased significantly from stage 1 through advancing CKD (stage 2, 144 pg/mg; range, 49–608; stage 3, 102 pg/mg; range, 25–158; stage 4, 67 pg/mg; range, 26–117; P < .01). Urinary IsoPs were inversely correlated with serum creatinine (r = −0.66, P < .0001).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceUrinary IsoPs are significantly higher in early CKD (stage 1) compared to cats with more advanced CKD. Additional studies are warranted to characterize oxidative stress in cats with stage 1 CKD and determine whether early antioxidant treatments have a protective effect on CKD progression.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Urinary F₂‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

Whitehouse

Quimby

Wan

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Reviewed elsewhere [41], research has substantiated the inverse relationship between kidney function and the formation of F 2 -isoprostanes [42]. In the current study, F 2 -isoprostanes were non-significantly lower in HIIT, compared to SED (p=0.066, +31.49% v. HIIT) and LIT (p=0.051, +32.61% v.…”

Section: Ckd) Is Timelymentioning

confidence: 38%

High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

Tucker

Briskey

Scanlan

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to the progression of chronic kidney disease. To reduce oxidative stress and inflammation related to chronic kidney disease, chronic aerobic exercise is often recommended. Data suggests high intensity interval training may be more beneficial than traditional aerobic exercise. However, appraisals of differing modes of exercise, along with explanations of mechanisms responsible for observed effects, are lacking. This study assessed effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (85% VO 2 max), versus low intensity exercise (45-50% VO 2 max) and sedentary behaviour, in an animal model of early-stage chronic kidney disease. We examined kidney-specific mRNA expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase 1; Gpx1, superoxide dismutase 1; Sod1, and catalase; Cat) and inflammation (kidney injury molecule 1; Kim1 and tumour necrosis factor receptor super family 1b; Tnfrsf1b), as well as plasma F2-isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation.Compared to sedentary behaviour, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Sod1 (p=0.01) and Cat (p<0.001). Compared to low intensity exercise, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Cat (p<0.001) and Tnfrsf1b (p=0.047). In this study, high intensity interval training was superior to sedentary behaviour and low intensity exercise as high intensity interval training beneficially influenced expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammation.

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“…201 In human medicine, studies have shown increase in oxidative stress markers with advancing stage of CKD. 205,206 However, the response to provision of antioxidants (e.g. α-tochopherol, ω-3 fatty acids, nacetyl cysteine, allopurinol, co-enzyme Q10) has been variable and a recent Cochrane review found no evidence that anti-oxidant therapy could reduce death or cardiovascular disease in human patients with CKD.…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

Jepson

2016

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Abstract:In cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the most common histopathological finding is tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. However, these changes reflect a non-specific response of the kidney to any inciting injury. The risk of development of CKD in a patient is likely to reflect genetic predispositions, ageing, environmental and individual factors that influence decline in renal function over the course of a cat's life. However, there is still relatively little information about exactly which risk factors predispose a cat to develop CKD and these will be explored. Whilst many cats diagnosed with CKD have stable disease for many years, some cats show overtly progressive disease.

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Oxidative Stress Is Progressively Enhanced With Advancing Stages of CKD

Cited by 361 publications

References 30 publications

Urinary F₂‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

Urinary F₂‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

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Oxidative Stress Is Progressively Enhanced With Advancing Stages of CKD

Cited by 361 publications

References 30 publications

Urinary F2‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

Urinary F2‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

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Urinary F₂‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

Urinary F₂‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease