Oxidative stress, inflammation and disease activity biomarkers in lupus nephropathy

Abstract

Lupus nephropathy is a severe and frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we assessed the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and disease activity in patients with lupus nephritis. Thirty-four patients with active lupus nephritis, 31 patients with inactive lupus nephritis and 20 lupus patients without renal damage (non-lupus nephritis) were studied. Oxidative stress biomarkers malonyldialdehyde, oxidized-to-total glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status were assessed, as well as inflammation biomarkers CRP, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Renal tubular disease biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and β2-microglobulin were assessed, together with the classic disease activity biomarkers urinary protein/creatinine ratio, anti-dsDNA, anti-C1q antibody and complement proteins C3 and C4. Significant differences were found between active lupus nephritis and inactive lupus nephritis patients and between active lupus nephritis and non-lupus nephritis patients for all the assessed biomarkers ( P < 0.05), except for catalase, superoxide dismutase and interleukin 6. There is an imbalance in the redox status in active lupus nephritis patients that would be involved in lipid peroxidation of the glomerular basal membrane that would alter its integrity and could also affect renal tubular function in these patients.

Pharmacotherapy against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease: Promising Small Molecule Natural Products Targeting Nrf2-HO-1 Signaling

“…LN is a severe and frequent complication of SLE. The important role of OS in LN has been previously described [55]. The New Zealand black/white F1 lupus-prone mice showed impaired kidney function with severe kidney lesions and increased ROS-mediated OS.…”

Cellular Response against Oxidative Stress, a Novel Insight into Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis

“…A recent study evaluated oxidative stress markers, inflammation and biomarkers of activity in SLE and detected significant differences between active and inactive lupus nephritis for MDA, total and oxidated GSH, TAS, CRP, MCP 1, beta 2-microglobulin, urinary protein/creatinine ratio, dsDNA antibodies, anti-C1q antibodies and C3, C4. These data show a redox disequilibrium in patients with lupus nephritis determined by lipid peroxidation, process that affects glomerular basal membrane integrity and renal tubular function in these patients [ 43 ].…”

The Potential of Nrf2 Activation as a Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

“…An imbalance between the cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidative capacity results in oxidative stress, which is exacerbated by inflammation, another key player in aging and the progression of chronic diseases such as SLE [9][10][11]. Similarly, oxidative stress can lead to, or augment, inflammation [12] and may be a key immune regulatory factor contributing to the initial aberrant SLE immune response [10].…”