Oxidative stress induction by crude extract of Xylaria sp. triggers lethality in the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti is currently controlled with synthetic larvicides; however, mosquitoes have become highly resistant to these larvicides and difficult to eradicate. Studies have shown that insecticides derived from fungal extracts have various mechanisms of action that reduce the risk of resistance in these mosquitoes. One possible mechanism is uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larvae, which can cause changes at the cellular level. Thus, the crude extract of Xylaria sp. was evaluated to investigate the oxidative effect of this extract in A. aegypti larvae by quantifying the oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Methods:The larvicidal potential of the crude extract of Xylaria sp. Was evaluated, and the extract was subsequently tested in human lung fibroblasts for cytotoxicity and ROS production. ROS level was quantified in the larvae that were killed following exposure to the extract in the larvicide test. Results:The crude extract of Xylaria sp. Caused cytotoxicity and induced ROS production in human lung fibroblasts and A. aegypti larvae, respectively. In the larvicide trial, the extract showed an LC 50 of 264.456 ppm and an LC90 of 364.307 ppm, and was thus considered active. The extract showed greater oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, with LC 90 values of 24.7 µmol MDA/L and 14.6278 ×10 -3 nmol carbonyl/ mg protein, respectively.Conclusions: Crude extracts of Xylaria sp. induced oxidative stress that may have caused the mortality of A. aegypti larvae.

Essential oil and fenchone extracted from Tetradenia riparia (Hochstetter.) Codd (Lamiaceae) induce oxidative stress in Culex quinquefasciatus larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) without causing lethal effects on non-target animals

“…These ndings con rm that both botanical and synthetic larvicides trigger the overproduction of RONS. Consistent with literature, this phenomenon leads to oxidative stress on cellular components, disrupting the cellular redox balance and causing an excessive generation of free radicals in mosquito larvae, ultimately resulting in their death (Abolaji et al 2015;Costa et al 2022).…”

“…In fact, signi cant oxidative stress biomarkers, such as protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, cell collapse, and cell death in A. aegypti larvae were observed after exposure to the extract of Xylaria sp. (Xylariaceae) (Costa et al 2022).…”

Hydroxyapatite-binding Silver/Titanium Dioxide as a Potential Control Compound Against Mosquito Vectors, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Although it is unknown exactly how ROS produced by the hydroxyapatite-binding silver/titanium dioxide compound affect mosquito larvae, ROS caused membrane damage in Ae. aegypti larvae under conditions of oxidative stress ( Costa et al 2022 ) and low egg production and poor developmental in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) ( Philbrook et al 2011 ).…”